Brief
Anomalous Cognition (AC)
The claims the writer was given for Anomalous Cognition (AC), in the order they were given.
1
S. James P. Spottiswoode concluded that, assuming no unknown systematic bias is present in the data, Anomalous Cognition performance appears strongly dependent upon the Local Sidereal Time at which the trial occurs.
“His conclusion is that, "assuming that some unknown systematic bias is not present in the data, it appears that Anomalous Cognition performance is strongly dependent upon the LST at which the trial occurs."”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch25:2567-2765 opinion second hand
2
S. James P. Spottiswoode found a correlation between anomalous cognition and geomagnetic fluctuations by comparing a database of 2,879 free response trials to the ap geomagnetic index, with an effect size of -0.029 (p:0.06).
“He was able to confirm such a correlation when he compared a very large database of 2,879 free response trials to the ap geomagnetic index where the free response or (anomalous cognition) effect size was -0.029 (p:0.06).”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch25:5396-5612 measurement
3
A large increase in the magnitude of the correlation between the ap geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition effect size was found at approximately 13 hours Local Sidereal Time.
“a large increase in the magnitude of the correlation was found at approximately 13 hours Local Sidereal Time (LST)”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch25:5632-5742 measurement first hand
4
The term "free response anomalous cognition" is the term used by the Laboratories for Fundamental Research, Cognitive Sciences Laboratory to denote psychic functioning under controls, including remote viewing.
“The term "free response anomalous cognition" is the term used in CSL to denote psychic functioning under controls (to include remote viewing).”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch25:761-894 administrative
5
Anomalous Cognition (AC) is a term used by the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory to define extrasensory perception (ESP).
“ANOMALOUS COGNITION (AC): Term used by the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory to define Extra Sensory Perception (ESP).”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch28:944-1053 administrative first hand
6
The trials in S. James P. Spottiswoode's anomalous cognition database occurred at locations in North America and Europe.
“The trials comprising the AC database occurred at locations in North America and Europe”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:10352-10433 administrative first hand
7
Nearly all the trials in S. James P. Spottiswoode's anomalous cognition database were taken at latitudes between 32 and 55 degrees North.
“nearly all the data being taken between 32 and 55 degrees North”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:10793-10851 measurement first hand
8
S. James P. Spottiswoode's original data set had an overall mean effect size of 0.148 (n=1,468), corresponding to a Stouffer's Z of 5.99 (p=7x10^-9), with individual study effect sizes ranging from -0.28 to 0.56.
“The original data set had an overall mean effect size of 0.148 (n:1,468), corresponding to a Stouffer's Z:5.99, (p 7 x 10-9), while individual study effect sizes ranged from –0.28 up to 0.56.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:13633-13821 measurement first hand
9
The local sidereal time corresponding to maximum anomalous cognition effect size in S. James P. Spottiswoode's original data set was estimated at 13.47 hours.
“gave a value of 13.47 h”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:14796-14818 measurement first hand
10
Trials occurring within plus or minus 1 hour of 13.47 hours local sidereal time in the original data set showed an average effect size of 0.507 (n=83), compared to 0.148 for the complete data set, an increase by a factor of 3.42.
“the trials, which occurred within ±1 hour of 13.47 h, showed an average effect size of 0.507 (n:83) as compared to the complete data set effect size of 0.148, an increase of effect size by a factor of 3.42”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:15346-15549 measurement first hand
11
The validation data set showed evidence of anomalous cognition with an overall effect size of 0.085 (n=1,015), yielding a Stouffer's Z of 2.70 (p=0.004).
“This data set also shows evidence of AC with an overall effect size of 0.085 (n:1,015), yielding a Stouffer's Z:2.70 (p:0.004)”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:16353-16475 measurement first hand
12
In S. James P. Spottiswoode's validation data set, the local sidereal time for maximum anomalous cognition effect size was found to be 13.47 hours, identical to the value found from the original data set.
“the LST for maximum effect size was found to be 13.47 h, identical to the value found from the original data set”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:17085-17194 measurement first hand
13
When S. James P. Spottiswoode combined the original and validation data sets, the overall anomalous cognition effect size was 0.122 (n=2,483), for a Stouffer's Z of 6.09 (p=6x10^-10).
“the overall effect size is 0.122 (n:2,483) for a Stouffer's Z:6.09 (p:6 x 1010)”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:17779-17853 measurement first hand
14
In the combined original and validation data sets, the local sidereal time for maximum anomalous cognition effect size was found to be 13.47 hours.
“Using the same methods as before, the LST for maximum effect size was found to be 13.47 h.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:17860-17948 measurement first hand
15
In a Monte Carlo test of 10,000 runs randomly permuting effect sizes with respect to time, 14 runs produced a window mean effect size at some value of local sidereal time greater than or equal to that seen in the actual combined data, giving an estimated probability of 0.0014 for the observed effect size peak occurring at any value of local sidereal time.
“In 10,000 such runs 14 produced a window mean effect size at some value of LST, which was greater than or equal to that seen in the actual data. Thus the probability of finding an effect size peak of the magnitude observed at any value of LST was estimated to be 0.0014.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:18289-18554 measurement first hand
16
The width of the 13.5-hour local sidereal time peak in anomalous cognition effect size, measured at half height above the mean, was approximately plus or minus 1.25 hours.
“The width of the 13.5 h peak was -±1.25 h, measured at half height above the mean.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:18800-18877 measurement first hand
17
S. James P. Spottiswoode's combined data set plot showed a suggestion of a minimum of anomalous cognition effect size occurring near 18 hours local sidereal time.
“This plot also shows a suggestion of a minimum of effect size occurring near 18 h.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:18883-18963 observation first hand
18
The subset of trials in S. James P. Spottiswoode's combined data set that were accidentally taken within plus or minus 1 hour of 13.47 hours local sidereal time yielded an overall significance of Z=5.20, p=1x10^-7 (n=124).
“the subset which were accidentally taken within ±1 h of 13.47 h yield an overall significance of Z:5.20, p:1 x 107(n:124)”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:19087-19204 measurement first hand
19
In S. James P. Spottiswoode's replication analysis, 15 of 41 total studies failed to have any data falling in the 13.5-hour local sidereal time peak, taken as 13.47 hours plus or minus 2 hours.
“15 of the 41 total studies failed to have any data falling in the 13.5 h peak, taken here as 13.47 ±2 h”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:19530-19632 measurement first hand
20
One study in S. James P. Spottiswoode's replication analysis had all of its data on the 13.5-hour local sidereal time peak, contributing 10 trials with a mean effect size of 0.147.
“one experiment had all its data on the peak and none elsewhere. This study contributed 10 trials with a mean effect size of 0.147.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:19641-19767 measurement first hand
21
Of the 26 studies in S. James P. Spottiswoode's replication analysis with data both on and off the 13.5-hour local sidereal time peak, 18 had a mean effect size on the peak greater than the mean effect size for the remainder of the data (p=0.02).
“Of the remaining 26 studies, with data both on and off the peak, 18 had a mean effect size on the peak greater than mean effect size for the remainder of the data (p:0.02)”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:19772-19940 measurement first hand
22
There is no evidence that anomalous cognition performance falls off with the distance between receiver and target over separations up to several thousand kilometres.
“a puzzling feature of anomalous cognition is that there is no evidence that performance falls off with the distance between receiver and target over separations up to several thousand kilometers”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:2404-2588 observation first hand
23
There is an approximately four-fold enhancement in anomalous cognition effect size at 13.5 hours Local Sidereal Time.
“The primary association is an approximately four-fold enhancement in AC effect size at 13.5 h LST.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:24863-24957 measurement second hand
24
The association between anomalous cognition effect size and 13.5 hours Local Sidereal Time was found in one large data set and confirmed in a second, each comprising anomalous cognition experiments with a range of free response protocols from different laboratories and investigators.
“This association was found in one large data set and confirmed in another, each set comprising AC experiments with a range of free response protocols, from different laboratories and investigators.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:24962-25145 measurement second hand
25
The increase of anomalous cognition effect size at 13.5 hours Local Sidereal Time is considered likely to be real and replicable across different laboratories, occurring in both the Ganzfeld procedure and remote viewing experiment protocols.
“It is likely that the increase of effect size for AC trials occurring at 13.5 h LST is real, replicable across different laboratories and occurs in the diverse protocols of the ganzfeld and remote viewing experiments.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:25160-25365 opinion second hand
26
There is evidence that anomalous cognition performance does not decrease with the distance between target and receiver, at least up to separations of several thousand kilometres, and long-range tests demonstrate no difference in anomalous cognition performance from interposing the earth between receiver and target.
“there is evidence that AC performance does not decrease with the distance between target and receiver, at least up to separations of several thousand km and these long-range tests demonstrate that no difference in AC performance is made by interposing the earth between receiver and target”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:28556-28839 measurement second hand
27
A fourfold increase in effect size produced by timing anomalous cognition trials at the optimal value of Local Sidereal Time would make a considerable difference in designing proof-oriented experiments and would increase the statistical power of experiments looking for other moderating factors.
“The fourfold increase in effect size produced by timing trials at the optimal value of LST will make a considerable difference in designing proof-oriented experiments as well as increasing the statistical power of any experiment looking for other moderating factors.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:29127-29385 opinion second hand
28
Charles Tart found weak evidence that anomalous cognition performance is enhanced by screening electrical fields with Faraday cages.
“There is weak evidence that performance is enhanced by screening electrical fields with Faraday cages (Tart, 1988)”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:4440-4549 observation second hand
29
S. James P. Spottiswoode found in 1993 that anomalous cognition performance is improved during periods when the geomagnetic field is relatively quiescent.
“it is improved during periods when the geomagnetic field is relatively quiescent (Spottiswoode, 1993)”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:4564-4660 observation first hand
30
In the collection of trials examined in S. James P. Spottiswoode's study, the correlation between the ap geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition effect size was small (Spearman's rho=-0.05, n=2,483, p=0.01), though in the hypothesised direction.
“the correlation between the ap geomagnetic index and AC effect size is small (Spearman's p:-0.05, n:2,483, p:0.01) though in the hypothesized direction”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:4915-5057 measurement first hand
31
In an existing database of 1,468 free response anomalous cognition trials, the effect size increased 340% for trials occurring within 1 hour of 13.5 hours local sidereal time (p<0.001).
“In an existing database of 1,468 free response trials, the effect size increased 340% for trials within 1 hour of 13.5 h LST (p:0,001).”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:847-977 measurement first hand
32
The effect size and associated 95% confidence interval of the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) data fall within the range reported by other free-response anomalous cognition investigations.
“the effect size and associated 95% confidence interval of the PEAR data fall within the range reported by other free-response investigations”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:8768-8894 observation first hand
33
An independent database of 1,015 similar free response anomalous cognition trials showed an effect size increase of 450% for trials within 1 hour of 13.5 hours local sidereal time (p=0.05), confirming the effect.
“An independent database of 1,015 similar trials was subsequently obtained in which trials within 1 hour of 13.5 h LST showed an effect size increase of 450% (p:0.05) providing confirmation of the effect.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch29:983-1179 measurement first hand
34
An earlier result found that anomalous cognition effect size increases by 380% within plus or minus 1 hour of 13.5 hours Local Sidereal Time.
“that the AC-effect size increases by 380% within ±1 hour of 13.5 LST”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:1204-1269 measurement first hand
35
The correlation between the ap geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition effect size for trials occurring between 11.2 and 14.8 hours Local Sidereal Time was -0.192 (N=256, p=0.002).
“The correlation observed here for trials which occurred between 11.2 h and 14.8 h LST was -0.192 (N:256, p:0.002)”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:1274-1383 measurement first hand
36
Outside the 11.2 to 14.8 hour Local Sidereal Time window, the correlation between the ap geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition effect size was effectively zero (-0.01, N=2,623, not significant).
“while the correlation was effectively zero (p:-0.01, N:2,623, ns) elsewhere”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:1388-1454 measurement first hand
37
The maximum magnitude correlation of -0.33 (N=134, p=0.0001) between the ap geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition effect size was observed in the 12.9 plus or minus 1 hour Local Sidereal Time period.
“The maximum magnitude correlation of -0.33 (N:134, p:0.0001) was observed in the 12.9 (1 h LST period.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:1465-1560 measurement first hand
38
The negative correlation peak between the ap geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition effect size was confirmed in both the ganzfeld and remote viewing protocols.
“The negative correlation peak was confirmed in both the ganzfeld and remote viewing protocols and was homogeneously present in those individual studies with trials in the relevant sidereal time interval.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:1568-1762 measurement first hand
39
One large remote viewing study showed near-zero overall correlation between geomagnetic fluctuations and anomalous cognition effect size because few of its trials occurred in the critical 13-hour Local Sidereal Time period.
“For instance one large remote viewing study showed near zero overall correlation since few of the trials occurred in the critical time period.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:1910-2045 observation first hand
40
One study had a large correlation of -0.22 between geomagnetic fluctuations and anomalous cognition because, by happenstance, all its trials were conducted near 13 hours Local Sidereal Time.
“In another case a comparable study had a large correlation of -0.22 and by happenstance all the trials were conducted near 13 h LST.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:2053-2181 observation first hand
41
Michael Persinger found in 1988 that anecdotal cases of putative anomalous cognition occurred on days when geomagnetic fluctuations were significantly lower than on the preceding and following days.
“This idea arose from the work of Persinger (e.g. 1988) who found that anecdotal cases of putative AC occurred on days when GMF fluctuations were significantly lower than on the preceding and following days.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:2353-2554 observation second hand
42
Charles Tart found in 1988 an association between high-scoring anomalous cognition trials and low geomagnetic fluctuations.
“Tart (1988) and Persinger & Krippner (1989) found an association between high scoring AC trials and low GMF fluctuations”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:2705-2813 observation second hand
43
Michael Persinger and Stanley Krippner found in 1989 an association between high-scoring anomalous cognition trials and low geomagnetic fluctuations.
“Tart (1988) and Persinger & Krippner (1989) found an association between high scoring AC trials and low GMF fluctuations”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:2705-2813 observation second hand
44
Erlendur Haraldsson and Loftur Gissurarson did not find an association between high-scoring anomalous cognition trials and low geomagnetic fluctuations in their 1987 work.
“while Haraldsson and Gissurarson (1987) and Nelson & Dunne (1986) did not.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:2827-2897 observation second hand
45
Roger Nelson and Brenda Dunne did not find an association between high-scoring anomalous cognition trials and low geomagnetic fluctuations in their 1986 work.
“while Haraldsson and Gissurarson (1987) and Nelson & Dunne (1986) did not.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:2827-2897 observation second hand
46
In an unpublished meta-analysis, S. James P. Spottiswoode collected 1,468 free-response trials from 21 studies to test the relationship between geomagnetic fluctuations and anomalous cognition.
“In an unpublished meta-analysis this author collected 1,468 free response trials from 21 studies reasoning that the effect, if it existed, would be most easily detected in a large database with high effect size”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:2902-3108 administrative first hand
47
In S. James P. Spottiswoode's unpublished meta-analysis of 1,468 free-response trials, the overall correlation between geomagnetic fluctuations and anomalous cognition was -0.0002 (Spearman's rho, N=1,468, not significant).
“in fact the overall correlation was a disappointing -0.0002 (Spearman's p, N:1,468, ns)”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:3114-3198 measurement first hand
48
In a database of 2,483 free-response trials with a mean effect size of 0.122 overall, trials occurring within plus or minus 1 hour of 13.5 hours Local Sidereal Time showed a 380% increase in effect size.
“In a database of 2,483 free response trials with a mean effect size of 0.122 overall, those trials that occurred within -±.1h of 13.5 h LST showed a 380% increase in effect size.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:3714-3887 measurement first hand
49
The data analysed by S. James P. Spottiswoode consisted of 51 free-response studies comprising 2,879 trials, with a mean effect size of 0.140 and a Stouffer's Z of 7.503 (p=3.1x10^-14).
“The data consisted of 51 free-response studies comprising 2,879 trials, with a mean effect size of 0.140 and resulting Stouffer's Z of 7.503 (p:3.1 x 10-14).”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:4099-4252 measurement first hand
50
In a database of 2,879 free-response trials, the Spearman's rho correlation between the ap geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition (AC) effect size was -0.029 (p=0.06).
“in a large database of 2,879 free-response trials the Spearman's p correlation between the ap geomagnetic index and AC effect size was -0.029 (p:0.06)”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:711-858 measurement first hand
51
The overall correlation between the ap geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition effect size across S. James P. Spottiswoode's full dataset was -0.029 (N=2,879, p=0.06, one-tailed).
“The overall correlation of the data (p:-0.029, N:2,879, p:0.06, 1-tailed) is shown dashed.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:8167-8250 measurement first hand
52
The maximum magnitude correlation of -0.33 (N=134, p=0.0001) between the ap geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition effect size occurred at 12.9 hours Local Sidereal Time, approximately agreeing with the maximum effect size found at 13.3 hours Local Sidereal Time.
“The maximum magnitude correlation of -0.33 (N:134, p:0.0001) occurs at 12.9 h, in approximate agreement with the maximum of effect size for this data at 13.3 h.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:8631-8789 measurement first hand
53
In S. James P. Spottiswoode's analysis, the correlation between the ap geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition effect size within the 11.2 to 14.8 hour Local Sidereal Time "in-band" was -0.192 (N=256, p=0.002), while outside that band it was -0.010 (N=2,623, not significant).
“Taking as the correlation region the period between 11.2 h and 14.8 h LST, where the correlation shown in Figure 1 crosses zero, the correlation in this "in-band" was -0.192, N:256, p:0.002, whereas the correlation outside was -0.010 (N:2,623, ns).”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch31:8844-9088 measurement first hand
54
Across Remote Viewing trials, the overall correlation between geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition (AC) effect size across all 1,254 trials was -0.032, which was not statistically significant, whereas the in-band correlation across 113 trials was -0.21, statistically significant at p=0.03.
“In the case of remote viewing, the correlation of all the data was -0.032 (N:1,254, ns) while the in-band correlation was -0.21 (N:113, p:0.03).”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch32:1041-1181 measurement second hand
55
In the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR) study, the overall anomalous cognition (AC) effect size was 0.33, with the Geomagnetic Fluctuations (GMF) correlation close to zero for the whole study but clearly seen in the in-band region of local sidereal time.
“For instance in the large study from PEAR, with an AC effect size of 0.33, the GMF correlation is close to zero for the whole study but clearly seen in the in-band.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch32:131-290 measurement second hand
56
The correlation between geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition (AC) effect size was observed over approximately 4 hours of local sidereal time, or about 17% of all possible trial times.
“Given that the correlation is observed over approximately 4 h of LST, or 17% of all possible trial times, it is hardly surprising that retrospective searches for the effect in experiments timed without regard for this result have yielded conflicting results.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch32:2024-2274 measurement second hand
57
The mean anomalous cognition (AC) effect size across the dataset analysed was 0.140.
“The mean effect size in the AC data of 0.140 is shown dashed.”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch32:2402-2456 measurement second hand
58
In this analysis, the maximum anomalous cognition (AC) effect size occurred at 13.3 hours of local sidereal time (effect size 0.434), slightly later than the maximal correlation to the geomagnetic index at 12.9 hours (correlation -0.334).
“As can be seen the maximum in effect size occurs a little later (es:0.434 at 13.3 h) than the maximal correlation (p :-0.334 at 12.9 h)”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch32:2521-2654 measurement second hand
59
Across Ganzfeld procedure trials, the overall correlation between geomagnetic index and anomalous cognition (AC) effect size across all 1,609 trials was -0.023, which was not statistically significant, whereas the in-band correlation across 145 trials was -0.18, statistically significant at p=0.03.
“Comparing the protocols in this sample, for ganzfeld data the overall correlation across all trials was -0.023, (N:1609, ns), whereas in the in-band (:-0.18, (N:145, p:0.03).”
Remote Viewing Secrets 2013-03-22 ch32:866-1036 measurement second hand
60
Contact with nonhuman intelligence manifests as anomalous experiences, telepathic communication with aerial objects and beings, or anomalous cognition, defined as knowledge of future events or other knowledge for which there is no conventional explanation.
“The literature shows that contact manifests as anomalous experiences, as telepathic communication with aerial objects and beings, or as anomalous cognition (knowledge of future events or other knowledge for which there is no conventional explanation).”
American Cosmic 2019 ch2:21896-22134 observation
61
James Master considers that anomalous cognition begins at a level beyond the physical world, which he suggests is a quantum level.
““Basically, it appears that anomalous cognition starts on a level that is beyond the physical world of which we are aware. I suggest it is on some quantum level.””
American Cosmic 2019 ch2:25979-26133 opinion first hand
62
D. W. Pasulka's cousin, who works in law enforcement, has abilities she believes conform to James Master's definition of anomalous cognition, which have helped him out of dangerous situations.
“A cousin in law enforcement has always possessed what I believe would conform to James’s definition of anomalous cognition. His abilities have helped him out of many dire situations where his life or the lives of others were in danger.”
American Cosmic 2019 ch2:27381-27609 testimony second hand
63
James Master studied the biological hardware of human capabilities for anomalous cognition, whereas Tyler D. studied the material hardware of a supposed crashed alien spacecraft.
“James studied the biological hardware of human capabilities for anomalous cognition, whereas Tyler studied the material hardware—the supposed crashed alien spacecraft.”
American Cosmic 2019 ch2:37136-37292 administrative first hand