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Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)

The Defense Intelligence Agency is a United States Department of Defense intelligence agency that administered several government programmes examining unidentified anomalous phenomena, including AAWSAP and the early years of AATIP.

United States Department of Defense (DoD) · Government intelligence agency

The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) intelligence agency that has, at several points, administered or hosted government programmes examining reports of unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP). At the direction of Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, the Defense Appropriations Acts of Fiscal Years 2008 and 2010 appropriated 22 million US dollars for DIA to assess long-term and over-the-horizon foreign advanced aerospace threats to the United States.1 In coordination with the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (OUSDI), DIA established the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP), also known as the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP).2 The programme was initiated and managed for the agency by veteran intelligence analyst James Lacatski.3 An invitation to tender was issued in August 2008, and Robert Bigelow was the sole bidder, securing 10 million US dollars in first-year funding with a five-year option.4 One condition of the resulting contract was that Bigelow Aerospace’s Las Vegas plant be engineered to accept, store, and study certain exotic materials.5 In practice the programme ran for only 27 months rather than the five-year operation DIA had planned.6 It was supported by then-Director Lieutenant General Michael D. Maples and funded through the efforts of Senators Reid, Ted Stevens, and Daniel Inouye,7 reporting, according to Lacatski, directly to the agency’s director and to the United States Congress.8

Accounts of who led AATIP within DIA differ. One account describes the programme as initially run out of DIA before Luis Elizondo took it over in 2010 as Director, running it thereafter out of the Office of the Secretary of Defense under OUSDI.9 DIA spokesperson Susan Gough, however, said the agency administered AATIP and that Elizondo was never assigned to DIA,10 while stating separately that Elizondo did interact with the DIA office managing the programme while it was still ongoing, without leading it.11 Pentagon officials, responding to questions from The New York Times in December 2017, acknowledged the existence of AATIP and said it began as part of DIA.12 The programme was eventually terminated in 2012 upon completion of its deliverables amid DIA and DoD concerns,13 and its supporters subsequently proposed a successor programme to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), codenamed KONA BLUE.14 Elizondo has said that he, Jim Semivan, and John Robert later moved the remnants of AATIP away from DIA and into Elizondo’s own portfolio.15

DIA’s connection to UAP matters predates AAWSAP. In 1997, Thomas Wilson was Deputy Director of DIA and Assistant Joint Chief of Staff for Intelligence (J-2), serving under Director Patrick Hughes.16 He left the agency in July 2002 and was replaced by Admiral Lowell Jacoby,17 and later became the agency’s 13th Director.18 In April 1997, Steven Greer was escorted, as part of a group of UFO disclosure activists and former military servicemen, to the offices of the Deputy Director of DIA,19 and in 1998 was invited back with Willard Miller to brief Director Hughes on UFOs.20 Separately, Reid said that in 2007 Bigelow told him a DIA official had approached wanting to visit Bigelow’s ranch in Utah,21 after which Reid said he met with DIA officials and learned they wanted to start a research programme on UFOs.22 Reid also visited Skinwalker Ranch and said that whatever a DIA scientist saw there convinced him it was a real phenomenon needing investigation;23 Bigelow said the scientist described a triangular object materialising in front of him at the ranch.24

Several senior officials moved between DIA and other parts of the intelligence community in connection with these programmes. Bobby Inman was a former vice director of DIA.25 James R. Clapper was a former DIA director and Deputy Secretary of Defense for Intelligence,26 and in 2008 personally hired Elizondo into the office overseeing a cluster of DoD agencies including DIA and the National Security Agency (NSA).27 Devon Woods, previously a senior leader at the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, became a senior director at DIA in 2010,28 later bringing in colleagues from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).29 Michael Higgins had recently taken over as the agency’s Director of Operations,30 and Elizondo said he called Higgins asking him to protect Lacatski from internal persecution within DIA31 as leadership scrutiny of AAWSAP increased32 and Lacatski found himself spending his time defending the programme against senior officials trying to end it.33

DIA’s involvement in unconventional research extends beyond UAP. The agency, together with the CIA and the US Army, recruited people who claimed extrasensory perception in an effort to uncover intelligence secrets,34 and Project Stargate, a remote-viewing programme, was run for years by the CIA and later by DIA.35 More recently, David Charles Grusch has said that DIA ran AAWSAP in the early 2000s36 and that the agency has refused to release classified foreign intelligence reporting on the retrieval and reverse engineering of Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) to Congress.37 The Department of Defense Inspector General’s 2023 evaluation records that select members of Congress initiated and funded AAWSAP to study UAP under DIA’s direction,38 and that investigators subsequently requested UAP-related data and policy documentation from OUSDI, the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office, and defense intelligence agencies including DIA.39

  1. Reid secured 22 million US dollars in appropriations for a Defense Intelligence Agency effort to assess advanced aerospace threats
    “At the direction of Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV), the Defense Appropriations Acts of Fiscal Years 2008 and 2010 appropriated $22 million for the DIA to assess long-term and over-the-horizon foreign advanced aerospace threats to the United States.”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:58973-59224 View the source record →
  2. DIA established AAWSAP, also known as AATIP, in coordination with the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
    “In coordination with the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, DIA established AAWSAP in 2009, which was also known AATIP.”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:59232-59369 View the source record →
  3. AAWSAP was initiated and managed for DIA by James Lacatski
    “The man who initiated and managed the program for DIA was a veteran intelligence analyst and rocket expert named Dr. James Lacatski.”
    Statement to Congress char:9837-9960
  4. An invitation to tender for AAWSAP was issued by DIA in August 2008 and Bigelow was the sole bidder, securing $10 million for the first year with a five-year option
    “An invitation to tender for the contract was issued by the Defence Intelligence Agency in August 2008 and Bigelow was the sole bidder, securing $10 million funding for the first year, with a five-year option for the contract.”
    In Plain Sight ch17:8347-8563 View the source record →
  5. A condition of the Bigelow contract was that its Las Vegas plant be engineered to accept, store, and study exotic materials
    “One condition of the Bigelow contract with DIA was that Bigelow's Aerospace plant in Las Vegas must be engineered so that it could accept, store, and study certain exotic materials.”
    Statement to Congress char:11572-11743
  6. AAWSAP lasted only 27 months rather than the five-year operation DIA had planned
    “It lasted a mere 27 months before the plug was pulled, instead of a five year operation as planned by DIA.”
    Statement to Congress char:12104-12206
  7. AAWSAP was supported by then-Director Lieutenant General Michael D. Maples and funded through Reid, Ted Stevens, and Daniel Inouye
    “This time, Jim shared that the program enjoyed the support of the DIA's then director, Lieutenant General Michael D. Maples, and was funded through the efforts of a bipartisan group of senators: Senator Harry Reid (D-NV), Senator Ted Stevens (R-AK), and Senator Daniel Inouye (D-HI).”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch9:17304-17583 View the source record →
  8. The programme reported directly to the DIA director and to Congress, according to Lacatski
    “Nestled deep inside DIA, a member of the US intelligence community (the IC), AAWSAP drew its authority directly from Congress, according to Jim.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch9:9945-10085 View the source record →
  9. AATIP was initially run out of DIA, but Elizondo ran it out of OUSDI from 2010
    ““The program was initially run out of [the Defense Intelligence Agency] but when Lue took it over in 2010 as Director, he ran it out of the Office for the Secretary of Defense (OSD) under the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USDI). Hope that clarifies.””
    The Media Loves This UFO Expert Who Says He Worked for an Obscure Pentagon Program. Did He? char:3572-3826 View the source record →
  10. Susan Gough said DIA administered AATIP and that Elizondo was never assigned to DIA
    “DIA [Defense Intelligence Agency] administered AATIP, and Elizondo was never assigned to DIA.”
    Pentagon Reinforces Mr. Luis Elizondo Had "No Responsibilities" on AATIP; Senator Harry Reid's 2009 Memo Changes Nothing - The Black Vault char:3968-4058 View the source record →
  11. Gough said Elizondo interacted with the DIA office managing AATIP while it was ongoing, but did not lead it
    “Elizondo did interact with the DIA office managing the program while the program was still ongoing, but he did not lead it.”
    Pentagon Reinforces Mr. Luis Elizondo Had "No Responsibilities" on AATIP; Senator Harry Reid's 2009 Memo Changes Nothing - The Black Vault char:4063-4183 View the source record →
  12. Pentagon officials acknowledged AATIP's existence to the New York Times in December 2017, saying it began as part of DIA
    “In response to questions from The Times, Pentagon officials this month acknowledged the existence of the program, which began as part of the Defense Intelligence Agency.”
    Glowing Auras and 'Black Money': The Pentagon's Mysterious U.F.O. Program (Published 2017) char:5026-5188 View the source record →
  13. AAWSAP/AATIP was terminated in 2012 upon completion of its deliverables due to DIA and DoD concerns
    “AAWSAP/AATIP was terminated in 2012 upon the completion of its deliverables due to DIA and DoD concerns about the project.”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:63708-63822 View the source record →
  14. Its supporters proposed a successor programme to the Department of Homeland Security, codenamed KONA BLUE
    “When DIA cancelled this program, its supporters proposed to DHS that they create and fund a new version of AAWSAP/AATIP under a SAP. (AARO case files) This proposal, codenamed KONA BLUE, would restart UAP investigations, paranormal research (including alleged "huma”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:99735-99987 View the source record →
  15. Elizondo, Semivan, and Robert moved the remnants of AATIP away from DIA into Elizondo's portfolio
    “Jay, John Robert, and I decided to move the remnants of the effort away from DIA and house it within my portfolio of national programs, ensuring the prying eyes of our detractors would no longer have any visibility.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch16:16305-16509 View the source record →
  16. In 1997, Thomas Wilson was DIA Deputy Director and J-2, under Director Patrick Hughes
    “(TW was Deputy Director DIA/Assistant Joint Chief of Staff J-2 at time; boss was Director DIA Gen. Patrick Hughes)”
    EWD Notes - Eric Davis Meeting with Adm. Wilson char:12533-12639
  17. Wilson left DIA in July 2002 and was replaced by Admiral Lowell Jacoby
    “Three years pass and retiring - left DIA July (2002) - replaced by Adm. Jacoby.”
    EWD Notes - Eric Davis Meeting with Adm. Wilson char:7577-7649
  18. Thomas R. Wilson later became the 13th Director of DIA
    “Later Wilson became the 13th Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch43:260-326 View the source record →
  19. In April 1997, Greer was escorted to the offices of the Deputy Director of DIA
    “When Greer went into the Pentagon in April 1997 as part of an unusual group of UFO disclosure activists and former military servicemen and was escorted to the innermost ring of America's military headquarters, the offices of the Deputy Director of the US Defense Intelligence Agency,”
    In Plain Sight ch14:7920-8196 View the source record →
  20. In 1998, Greer was invited back with Willard Miller to brief Director Patrick Hughes on UFOs
    “It is to Greer's credit, for example, that he was invited back in 1998 to the Defense Intelligence Agency, again with Commander Willard Miller, to brief the then Director, Wilson's immediate superior, Lieutenant General Patrick Hughes, 'on UFOs'.”
    In Plain Sight ch14:18395-18635 View the source record →
  21. Reid said Bigelow told him in 2007 that a DIA official had approached wanting to visit Bigelow's Utah ranch
    “In 2007, Mr. Reid said in the interview, Mr. Bigelow told him that an official with the Defense Intelligence Agency had approached him wanting to visit Mr. Bigelow’s ranch in Utah, where he conducted research.”
    Glowing Auras and 'Black Money': The Pentagon's Mysterious U.F.O. Program (Published 2017) char:7154-7354 View the source record →
  22. Reid said he met with DIA officials after his meeting with Bigelow and learned they wanted a research programme on UFOs
    “Mr. Reid said he met with agency officials shortly after his meeting with Mr. Bigelow and learned that they wanted to start a research program on U.F.O.s.”
    Glowing Auras and 'Black Money': The Pentagon's Mysterious U.F.O. Program (Published 2017) char:7365-7517 View the source record →
  23. Reid visited Skinwalker Ranch and said what the DIA scientist saw there convinced him it was a real phenomenon needing investigation
    “Reid did not name the scientist, but he said he visited Bigelow's Skinwalker Ranch, presumably about 2007–08, and what the DIA scientist saw there convinced him it was a real phenomenon that needed to be investigated.”
    In Plain Sight ch17:2242-2446 View the source record →
  24. Bigelow said the DIA scientist described a triangular object materialising in front of him at Skinwalker Ranch
    “Bob Bigelow has also revealed that the DIA scientist told him that what shocked him at the ranch was an incident where a three-dimensional object suddenly materialised in front of him, which looked like the triangular metallic 'bent bell' cover art on the front of the Mike Oldfield album Tubular Bells. 'That's the closest thing I can come to as to what the structure of this looked like,' Bigelow says he was told.”
    In Plain Sight ch17:2460-2873 View the source record →
  25. Bobby Inman was a former vice director of DIA
    “vice director of the Defense Intelligence Agency”
    Dark Mission ch14:22713-22755
  26. James Clapper was a former director of DIA and Deputy Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
    “The then US Deputy Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, James Clapper, a former director of the Defense Intelligence Agency”
    In Plain Sight ch21:11636-11755 View the source record →
  27. In 2008 Clapper hired Elizondo into the office overseeing DIA and NSA among other agencies
    “recognised Elizondo's skills and, in 2008, had personally hired him into the office that acts as the principal staff for the Department of Defense on sensitive intelligence-related matters, overseeing a cluster of three-letter DoD agencies, including the Defense Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency”
    In Plain Sight ch21:11763-12072 View the source record →
  28. In 2010, Devon Woods became a senior director at DIA after previously serving at ODNI
    “In 2010, a man I’ll call Devon Woods, who previously served as a senior leader at ODNI, became a senior director at DIA.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch12:48858-48974 View the source record →
  29. Woods brought in CIA colleagues after moving to DIA
    “Woods brought in colleagues from the CIA.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch16:6629-6666 View the source record →
  30. Higgins had recently taken over as DIA's Director of Operations
    “As it so happened, he had recently taken over as the DIA's new Director of Operations.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch16:18431-18506 View the source record →
  31. Elizondo called Higgins asking him to protect Lacatski from internal persecution within DIA
    “"Michael, I need you to protect one of our scientists. He is a good man who has done great things for our country, and your agency is trying to persecute him. I need to call in a favor and make sure he is protected from internal DIA forces."”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch16:18562-18794 View the source record →
  32. DIA leadership transition brought increasing scrutiny and detractors of AAWSAP at senior level
    “An increasing number of AAWSAP detractors now worked at the senior level within DIA. More and more scrutiny was being placed on AAWSAP every day and new executive leadership at DIA was getting settled into their roles.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch12:47700-47912 View the source record →
  33. Lacatski spent his time defending his efforts as senior DIA leadership tried to kill AAWSAP
    “Within a matter of weeks of the transition, Lacatski began spending most of his time defending his efforts instead of conducting research. The powers that be in the ivory tower now actively tried to kill the program.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch12:47919-48127 View the source record →
  34. The CIA, US Army, and DIA recruited people claiming extrasensory perception to help uncover intelligence secrets
    “The CIA Army and Defense Intelligence Agency recruited people who claimed to have extrasensory perception, otherwise known as ESP, to help them uncover intelligence secrets.”
    How The CIA Spent Millions On Psychic Spies - PROJECT: STARGATE (Documentary 1 of 3) 00:03:02.7-00:03:12.8
  35. Project Stargate was run for years by the CIA and later by DIA, training recruits to use psychic abilities
    “Stargate was embedded in the federal government, run for years by the CIA, and later the DIA. Recruits were trained to spy upon enemies, but not in the usual way. Stargate trained "supersoldiers" to spy on hard targets using their psychic gifts.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch11:24728-24968 View the source record →
  36. Grusch said DIA has refused to release classified foreign intelligence reporting on UAP retrieval and reverse engineering to Congress
    “And once again, that foreign intelligence reporting, the Defense Intelligence Agency has refused to release those classified documents to Congress”
    David Grusch: The Whistleblower Who Told Congress We're Not Alone 00:31:26.7-00:31:36.4
  37. Grusch said DIA ran AAWSAP in the early 2000s
    “there was a DIA program in the early 2000s called AAWSAP”
    David Grusch: The Whistleblower Who Told Congress We're Not Alone 00:48:39.6-00:48:42.0
  38. The Inspector General requested UAP-related data from OUSDI, AARO, and defense intelligence agencies including DIA
    “We interviewed senior officials and requested UAP-related data and organizational policies, procedures, and guidance from the following DoD organizations: OUSD(I&S), AARO, Military Services (Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force), Military Service Intelligence Components (Army G2, Navy N2, Air Force A2), MDCOs (Army Counterintelligence, Naval Criminal Investigative Service, Office of Special Investigations), Defense intelligence agencies (Defense Intelligence Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance Office, and National Security Agency)”
    Unclassified Summary of Report No. DODIG-2023-109 char:26132-26714 View the source record →
  39. Select members of Congress initiated and funded AAWSAP under DIA direction to study UAP
    “The DoD did not officially look at UAP again until mid-2000, when select members of Congress initiated and funded a program to study UAP, called the Advanced Aerospace Weapon Systems Applications program, under the direction of the Defense Intelligence Agency.”
    Unclassified Summary of Report No. DODIG-2023-109 char:1813-2066 View the source record →

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