The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) intelligence agency that has, at several points, administered or hosted government programmes examining reports of unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP). At the direction of Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, the Defense Appropriations Acts of Fiscal Years 2008 and 2010 appropriated 22 million US dollars for DIA to assess long-term and over-the-horizon foreign advanced aerospace threats to the United States.1 In coordination with the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (OUSDI), DIA established the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP), also known as the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP).2 The programme was initiated and managed for the agency by veteran intelligence analyst James Lacatski.3 An invitation to tender was issued in August 2008, and Robert Bigelow was the sole bidder, securing 10 million US dollars in first-year funding with a five-year option.4 One condition of the resulting contract was that Bigelow Aerospace’s Las Vegas plant be engineered to accept, store, and study certain exotic materials.5 In practice the programme ran for only 27 months rather than the five-year operation DIA had planned.6 It was supported by then-Director Lieutenant General Michael D. Maples and funded through the efforts of Senators Reid, Ted Stevens, and Daniel Inouye,7 reporting, according to Lacatski, directly to the agency’s director and to the United States Congress.8
Accounts of who led AATIP within DIA differ. One account describes the programme as initially run out of DIA before Luis Elizondo took it over in 2010 as Director, running it thereafter out of the Office of the Secretary of Defense under OUSDI.9 DIA spokesperson Susan Gough, however, said the agency administered AATIP and that Elizondo was never assigned to DIA,10 while stating separately that Elizondo did interact with the DIA office managing the programme while it was still ongoing, without leading it.11 Pentagon officials, responding to questions from The New York Times in December 2017, acknowledged the existence of AATIP and said it began as part of DIA.12 The programme was eventually terminated in 2012 upon completion of its deliverables amid DIA and DoD concerns,13 and its supporters subsequently proposed a successor programme to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), codenamed KONA BLUE.14 Elizondo has said that he, Jim Semivan, and John Robert later moved the remnants of AATIP away from DIA and into Elizondo’s own portfolio.15
DIA’s connection to UAP matters predates AAWSAP. In 1997, Thomas Wilson was Deputy Director of DIA and Assistant Joint Chief of Staff for Intelligence (J-2), serving under Director Patrick Hughes.16 He left the agency in July 2002 and was replaced by Admiral Lowell Jacoby,17 and later became the agency’s 13th Director.18 In April 1997, Steven Greer was escorted, as part of a group of UFO disclosure activists and former military servicemen, to the offices of the Deputy Director of DIA,19 and in 1998 was invited back with Willard Miller to brief Director Hughes on UFOs.20 Separately, Reid said that in 2007 Bigelow told him a DIA official had approached wanting to visit Bigelow’s ranch in Utah,21 after which Reid said he met with DIA officials and learned they wanted to start a research programme on UFOs.22 Reid also visited Skinwalker Ranch and said that whatever a DIA scientist saw there convinced him it was a real phenomenon needing investigation;23 Bigelow said the scientist described a triangular object materialising in front of him at the ranch.24
Several senior officials moved between DIA and other parts of the intelligence community in connection with these programmes. Bobby Inman was a former vice director of DIA.25 James R. Clapper was a former DIA director and Deputy Secretary of Defense for Intelligence,26 and in 2008 personally hired Elizondo into the office overseeing a cluster of DoD agencies including DIA and the National Security Agency (NSA).27 Devon Woods, previously a senior leader at the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, became a senior director at DIA in 2010,28 later bringing in colleagues from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).29 Michael Higgins had recently taken over as the agency’s Director of Operations,30 and Elizondo said he called Higgins asking him to protect Lacatski from internal persecution within DIA31 as leadership scrutiny of AAWSAP increased32 and Lacatski found himself spending his time defending the programme against senior officials trying to end it.33
DIA’s involvement in unconventional research extends beyond UAP. The agency, together with the CIA and the US Army, recruited people who claimed extrasensory perception in an effort to uncover intelligence secrets,34 and Project Stargate, a remote-viewing programme, was run for years by the CIA and later by DIA.35 More recently, David Charles Grusch has said that DIA ran AAWSAP in the early 2000s36 and that the agency has refused to release classified foreign intelligence reporting on the retrieval and reverse engineering of Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) to Congress.37 The Department of Defense Inspector General’s 2023 evaluation records that select members of Congress initiated and funded AAWSAP to study UAP under DIA’s direction,38 and that investigators subsequently requested UAP-related data and policy documentation from OUSDI, the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office, and defense intelligence agencies including DIA.39