The National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDS) was a private research organisation self-funded by Robert Bigelow in 1995.1 Bigelow’s NIDS team conducted investigations across the United States from 1995 to 2004, most of which remain confidential.2 George Knapp’s testimony to Congress instead dated the organisation’s creation to 1996.3 NIDS had a science advisory board made up of PhD-level academics, two former astronauts who had walked on the Moon, and several scientists who had worked for or consulted with the US military and intelligence agencies.4 Bigelow also once owned Skinwalker Ranch, the site of multiple UAP sightings.5 Colm Kelleher, a biochemist, served as an administrator of the organisation.6
George Knapp informed Harry Reid about NIDS after the organisation began its own investigations and arranged an introduction.7 Knapp said that Reid attended one of the organisation’s first board meetings and was impressed by the professionalism and pedigrees of the science advisory board.8 Russia’s ongoing interest in UFOs was among the topics of interest to Reid, Bigelow, and NIDS.9 Bigelow invited Edgar Mitchell to serve on the science advisory board.10 Mitchell sat on the board while NIDS conducted still-secret research for Bigelow,11 and, as a long-standing proponent of UAP research, retained some of the confidential NIDS reports on Skinwalker and other sites visited by the investigation team.12 Because he sat on the board, Mitchell was sent a copy of notes by Harold E. Puthoff.13
As part of NIDS, Bigelow funded full-time surveillance of Skinwalker Ranch, ordering an investigation into the extraordinary paranormal claims associated with the property.14 John Alexander, a retired US Army special forces and military intelligence colonel who had worked on a US Department of Defense remote viewing programme in the 1970s and 1980s,15 said he was one of the first NIDS employees to go on watch at the ranch in the 1990s and that many extraordinary events occurred while the team’s highly skilled scientists were observing.16 He recounted the 1997-08 humanoid tunnel sighting at Skinwalker Ranch: at 2:30am one night in August 1997, two NIDS scientists watching from an escarpment spotted a dim light near a road below them that grew to about 1.2 metres in diameter, hovered about 0.9 metres above the ground, and had a third dimension giving it the appearance of a tunnel.17 A moving dark shape then appeared in the tunnel and came to the surface, and a humanoid-like creature, estimated at 1.8 metres tall and 180 kilograms, used its arms to pull itself out and walked off into the darkness.18 According to Hunt for the Skinwalker, NIDS investigators witnessed a faceless black creature emerging from a glowing yellow light tunnel that winked into existence from nowhere, as if from another dimension.19 According to In Plain Sight, what was publicly revealed about the NIDS research - including video, electromagnetic radiation measurements, and analysis of soil and cattle mutilation samples, expert reports, and blood tests - did not support the most extraordinary claims made about the ranch.20
The scope of Bigelow’s private NIDS investigations went beyond Skinwalker Ranch, and much of what NIDS uncovered remains confidential.21 Documents found in the Edgar Mitchell archive shed light on the organisation’s extensive early work in the late 1990s into both UFOs and cattle mutilations.22 Those documents show NIDS was investigating suspected UAP-related cattle mutilations across the 1997-08 National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDS) cattle mutilation investigation (Utah, Nevada, New Mexico), including a dead cow with unusual haemorrhaging on its back.23 The NIDS report on that cow suggested the haemorrhaging was caused by it being dropped from a height.24 A NIDS report dated September 1997 - the 1997-09 National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDS) Dulce investigation - detailed interviews with UFO eyewitnesses in New Mexico Dulce and the investigation of a five-day-old cow mutilation in Los Brasos.25 NIDS investigators recorded that the Los Brasos cow’s teats were missing and its anus and tongue had been excised, with no aberrant electromagnetic readings found.26 According to the NIDS report on the site, multiple overturned cow pats lay in a straight line stretching 76 metres south-west of the animal, having been displaced up to six metres from where they had originally been anchored to the grass.27 The NIDS report stated that the team experimentally kicked cow pats and found it difficult to move them approximately six metres from their original place, concluding that some strong wind velocity was involved.28
In Dulce, Merl Elote, director of the New Mexico Game and Fish Department Dulce, told the NIDS team that he had witnessed a hovering, rotating craft approximately 23 metres in diameter with a single bright light.29 Gabe Valdez, a New Mexico State Police officer with strong links to the Jicarilla Apache Tribe in Dulce, worked with Colm Kelleher during the 1997 investigation.30 According to In Plain Sight, a reading of the NIDS files made clear that Bigelow’s investigators suspected the US government was up to something in the hills around Dulce.31 Kelleher’s NIDS report contains interviews with multiple members of the Jicarilla Apache community who claimed, in September 1997, to have witnessed hovering UAP and to have found a mysterious ventilation shaft dug into Mount Archuleta.32 Separately, previously undisclosed 1997 NIDS documents record that Hoyt Velarde said he had witnessed an egg-shaped craft while working on his father’s farm in 1964.33 According to In Plain Sight, the NIDS team also investigated a 1997 incident in which Velarde came across a small area of burning brush on his ranch,34 and went to the site of a 1997 cattle mutilation on his ranch, confirming the mutilation of three dead cows whose carcasses were shrivelled and dried out and apparently untouched by scavengers.35
NIDS also supported physical-evidence work: it backed the analysis of the Gary Lowrey alien claw sample, and biochemists from the Anomaly Physical Evidence Group (APEG) eventually received part of the claw to examine.36 According to Hair of the Alien, the full report and data on the case were made accessible on the NIDS website.37 NIDS, which also supported Roger Leir’s work, was able to conduct physical analyses of implants through a laboratory at New Mexico Tech, an engineering university in Socorro, New Mexico, including X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction work.38 Eric Davis started working for Bigelow’s NIDS in July 1996.39 According to documents found in the Edgar Mitchell archive, Davis, while with NIDS, investigated a supposed alien attack and landing in Montana and concluded it was a hoax.40 Bigelow later hired several of the same scientists who had served on the decade-long NIDS investigations to work on the LLC Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies programme,41 and Davis was brought into the Bigelow investigation team working on the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP).42 William “Will” Livingston served as a medical advisor to the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP), AATIP, and NIDS.43 Elizondo described NIDS, Bigelow’s research organisation, as having studied UAP and the paranormal during the 1990s.44