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Diana Walsh Pasulka

Diana Walsh Pasulka is a professor of religious studies whose fieldwork among UFO researchers, scientists and religious experiencers is recorded in her book American Cosmic (2019).

American Cosmic (2019) · Professor of religious studies

Diana Walsh Pasulka is a professor of religious studies1 who began researching the Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) phenomenon in January 20122. Raised as a born-again Christian from the age of eleven, she attends a Catholic church3. Her fieldwork among ufologists, scientists and religious experiencers is recorded in her book American Cosmic (2019), in the course of which she coined the term “meta-experiencer” for scientists who drew on the accounts of primary UFO experiencers while remaining reluctant to admit they believed the phenomenon was real4.

Central to her account is Tyler D., an employee in the space industry5 whom Pasulka describes as a wealthy rocket scientist6 and both an aeronautical engineer and a biomedical entrepreneur7. Tyler D. was not invited to a small closed conference Pasulka organised, bringing together ufologists and scientists with scholars of the humanities who studied the UFO phenomenon8; he telephoned her the day after the conference to invite her to a site in New Mexico USA to learn about the physical nature of the phenomenon9. Pasulka travelled there with Tyler D. and James Master; the three wore blindfolds for the final forty minutes of the drive to the site10, and Tyler D. drove them for forty minutes over a gravel road to reach it11.

At the site, the group used a metal detector to locate a small metallic object, subsequently identified as the artifact12; James Master found it lodged in a crevice between rocks in a gully13. Tyler D. photographed the specimen and the location where it was found, labelled it with the date, and placed it in a specimen bag14, and James Master agreed to take the recovered artifacts with him to study them15. At the airport afterwards, James Master’s carry-on bag caused an X-ray scanner to shut down16, and security searched him, his suitcase and his jacket17. James Master, one of the world’s leading scientists18, holds an endowed chair in molecular biology and heads a laboratory at one of the world’s top universities19.

Pasulka’s research also involved Jacques Vallée, described as a researcher, astronomer and computer scientist20. According to Pasulka, Vallée’s approach to the UFO phenomenon addressed three aspects: the physical, the testimonial evidence of experiencers, and the social persistence of belief in the phenomenon regardless of verifiable evidence21. Vallée once told her emphatically to trust no one, and not even to trust what she saw22; together the two interviewed a witness who had seen and photographed a starlike object near Santa Cruz23. Pasulka has written that Donna Haraway once asked her to consider what was happening in a person’s mind when looking at images on film, or in the minds of those who witnessed apparitions of the Virgin Mary24; she had earlier interviewed Haraway during her office hours to explain a plan to study apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Medjugorje25.

Pasulka joined In the Field, a study group of UFO photographers and videographers created and moderated by Scott Browne26, after telling Browne she studied the UFO phenomenon and worked with Vallée27. Browne’s work within ufology has drawn hostility: he has been called a “debunker” and worse across social media28, and has received direct threats of bodily and emotional harm29. Pasulka has written that Browne exposed a set of viral images purporting to show UFOs by enlarging and comparing them side by side, showing they were in fact differently shaped balloons30.

Pasulka’s research also took her to Rome, where the door of the church of Santa Sabina carries images of levitation, including a depiction of the ascension of Christ across two panels followed by a third showing him ascended31. During a golf-cart tour of Rome with Tyler D., the pair were stopped by police for around twenty minutes before reaching the church32. On another occasion, after nearly two hours of negotiation by his translator, Tyler D. obtained Pasulka’s agreement that he could reveal his identity to Vatican Secret Archives security33. Elsewhere in her account, Pasulka traces a history of rocketry entangled with esoteric belief: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky is regarded as the founding father of rocketry and aeronautics34 and discovered the equations that later helped scientists develop rockets to take humans off Earth35, while Jack Parsons collaborated with Aleister Crowley and L. Ron Hubbard while launching rockets and conducting rituals in the Los Angeles desert36, and died at thirty-seven when one of his rockets exploded in his garage37. Pasulka owned a pink iPhone38, and wrote that watching the monolith in 2001: A Space Odyssey, it reminded her of a larger version of her own phone39. She has also described a personal experience of synchronicity: unable to sleep on a New Year’s Eve, she opened Friedrich Nietzsche’s The Gay Science at random40, finding it fell open to one of the book’s only three aphorisms devoted to New Year’s Eve41. Elsewhere, she writes that cultural narratives about the UFO phenomenon form through processes she connects to Carl Jung’s concept of amplificatory interpretation42.

  1. Pasulka is a professor of religious studies
    “As a professor of religious studies, this was outside my usual research territory, but not by much.”
    American Cosmic ch1:885-979
  2. Began researching the UFO phenomenon in January 2012
    “When I started my research in January 2012, I thought that the people I would interview and learn about would be experiencers”
    American Cosmic ch1:17790-17903
  3. Raised a born-again Christian from age eleven; attends a Catholic church
    “I go to a Catholic Church, but I started out as a born-again Christian when I was eleven years old, to the surprise of my parents.”
    American Cosmic ch3:6765-6887
  4. Coined the term 'meta-experiencer'
    “I coined the term “meta-experiencers” to describe this group of scientists. I cautiously observed them, noting that most were reticent to admit they believed in the reality of UFOs, but they readily scooped data from the primary experiencers.”
    American Cosmic ch1:18355-18584
  5. Tyler D. was an employee in the space industry
    “Tyler was one such person, an employee in the space industry.”
    American Cosmic ch1:18598-18650
  6. Tyler D. was a wealthy rocket scientist
    “He was a wealthy rocket scientist.”
    American Cosmic ch1:21715-21739
  7. Tyler D. was an aeronautical engineer and biomedical entrepreneur
    “he was an aeronautical engineer, and on the other hand, he was a biomedical entrepreneur”
    American Cosmic ch1:21625-21701
  8. Pasulka organised a closed conference to which Tyler D. was not invited
    “A few months prior to our trip, I had organized a small conference, to which Tyler had not been invited, on the phenomenon. The small, closed meeting was unique because it brought together ufologists and scientists with scholars of the humanities, all of whom studied the phenomenon.”
    American Cosmic ch1:12136-12408
  9. Tyler D. phoned Pasulka the day after her conference to invite her to New Mexico
    “On the day after I got back from the conference, I received a phone call from Tyler. Now that I had begun to understand a little more about the phenomenon, he would like to take me to a special place in New Mexico where I might understand a little more about the phenomenon’s physical nature.”
    American Cosmic ch1:15950-16235
  10. The three wore blindfolds for the last forty minutes of the drive to the New Mexico site
    “We were to wear a blindfold for the last forty minutes of the car ride, so we wouldn’t be able to see where we were or how we arrived.”
    American Cosmic ch1:452-578
  11. Tyler D. drove them for forty minutes over a gravel road to reach the site
    “He started the car, and we jolted forward... We drove for forty minutes”
    American Cosmic ch1:4190-4224
  12. The group located a small metallic object with a metal detector, later identified as the artifact
    “He was examining a small, metallic object. It had been identified as an artifact by the metal detector.”
    American Cosmic ch1:52702-52796
  13. James Master found it lodged in a crevice between rocks in a gully
    “James found this particular part lodged in a crevice between a bunch of rocks in a gully that certainly looked to me like a nesting place for rattlesnakes.”
    American Cosmic ch1:53224-53366
  14. Tyler D. photographed, labelled and bagged the specimen
    “Tyler took out a plastic bag and a label. He photographed the specimen and labeled it with the date, and he also photographed where it was found. Then he put it in a special bag he carried for the occasion.”
    American Cosmic ch1:52864-53061
  15. James Master agreed to take the artifacts to study them
    “James agreed to take all the parts with him so he could study them.”
    American Cosmic ch1:54667-54729
  16. James Master's bag caused an airport X-ray scanner to shut down
    “As the bag moved slowly down the conveyor belt and through the X-ray scanner, the whole thing suddenly stopped. The contraption shut down with a loud BEEEP.”
    American Cosmic ch1:56264-56414
  17. Security searched James Master and his belongings
    “The bag re-scan went without further incident. Security searched James, his suitcase, his jacket, and everything that he was carrying.”
    American Cosmic ch1:56818-56943
  18. James Master is one of the world's leading scientists
    “My research partner was James Master, one of the world’s leading scientists and a professor at a major research university.”
    American Cosmic ch1:2896-3008
  19. James Master holds an endowed chair in molecular biology and heads a laboratory
    “He held an endowed chair of molecular biology and headed a laboratory at one of the top universities in the world.”
    American Cosmic ch2:2810-2918
  20. Jacques Vallée described as a researcher, astronomer and computer scientist
    “the theories of Jacques Vallee, the famous researcher, astronomer, and computer scientist”
    American Cosmic ch1:55374-55454
  21. Vallée's approach addresses the physical, testimonial and social aspects of the UFO phenomenon
    “We were all well acquainted with the theories of Jacques Vallee, the famous researcher, astronomer, and computer scientist. Vallee's approach addressed three aspects: the physical aspect, which Tyler represented; the testimonial aspect, represented by experiencers; and the social aspect, how belief in the phenomenon persists regardless of whether there is any verifiable evidence to support it.”
    American Cosmic ch1:55341-55734
  22. Vallée told Pasulka to trust no one, not even what she saw
    “Jacques Vallee once told me emphatically, “Trust no one. Do not even trust what you see.””
    American Cosmic ch2:55618-55702
  23. Vallée and Pasulka interviewed a witness who saw a starlike object near Santa Cruz
    “Jacques and I interviewed one of the people who saw and photographed the object.”
    American Cosmic ch5:1385-1458
  24. Haraway asked Pasulka to consider what was happening in the mind of someone viewing film images or apparitions
    “the well-known scholar Donna Haraway had asked me to think about what was happening in my brain and my mind when I looked at images on film, or in the minds of people who witnessed apparitions of the Virgin Mary.”
    American Cosmic ch2:55728-55935
  25. Pasulka interviewed Haraway about a plan to study Marian apparitions in Medjugorje
    “I arrived during her office hours, when she was officially available to talk to students, and explained my plan of study. I told her that I wanted to study the then-recent apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Medjugorje, a small town in what was then Yugoslavia, now Bosnia and Herzegovina.”
    American Cosmic ch5:29959-30234
  26. Scott Browne created and moderates In the Field
    “Scott is the creator and moderator of *In the Field,* an international study group of trained videographers, photographers, and graphic designers who also study the UFO phenomenon on a regular basis.”
    American Cosmic ch3:3496-3689
  27. Pasulka joined In the Field after telling Browne she studied UFOs and worked with Vallée
    “I told him that I studied UFO phenomena, and then, on the chance that he might respect Jacques Vallee’s work, I told him that I was a fan of Jacques and that I worked with him. That was credential enough; he immediately let me into the group.”
    American Cosmic ch3:4836-5072
  28. Browne has been called a 'debunker' and worse online
    “Scott Browne has been called a debunker—and far worse than that. In fact, the names he has been called are not fit to be printed. Yet they have been posted on Facebook, on Twitter, on YouTube, and in internet forums.”
    American Cosmic ch3:1033-1242
  29. Browne received threats of bodily and emotional harm
    ““Talk to me face-to-face, and I will show you what I think of debunkers!” The threat, posted on social media, devolved from that point into a series of very specific descriptions of bodily and emotional harm. It was directed, by name, to Scott Browne.”
    American Cosmic ch3:280-524
  30. Browne exposed viral UFO images as differently shaped balloons
    “I was reminded of a recent incident on social media in which Scott had exposed a series of images of supposed UFOs. The original photographs had garnered a large following. The images were of a distant object that was circular and did not look like an airplane or anything conventionally seen in the sky. Scott took the images, blew them up, and posted them side by side, showing what they really were, which were different types of oddly shaped balloons.”
    American Cosmic ch3:49858-50304
  31. The door of Santa Sabina church depicts levitation and Christ's ascension
    “I also saw images of levitation... The ascension of Christ is depicted in two panels, and then a third shows Christ ascended.”
    American Cosmic 3-7
  32. Golf-cart tour of Rome with Tyler D.; stopped by police for around twenty minutes before reaching the church
    “We took a tour of Rome on a golf cart... At one point, we were pulled over by the police. The guide and the police haggled for twenty minutes. We waited patiently and were finally brought to the beautiful church of Santa Sabina”
    American Cosmic 60
  33. Tyler D. obtained Pasulka's agreement to reveal his identity to Vatican Secret Archives security
    “Tyler texted, “Should I tell them who I am?” ... At that point, after almost two hours of Tyler’s translator haggling with security, I thought it couldn’t hurt, so I said, “Okay, go ahead.””
    American Cosmic 42
  34. Tsiolkovsky regarded as founding father of rocketry and aeronautics
    “Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, regarded as the founding father of rocketry and aeronautics”
    American Cosmic ch1:34241-34313
  35. Tsiolkovsky discovered the equations later used to develop rockets
    “Tsiolkovsky perhaps regarded himself as one of these geniuses, as he discovered the equations that would later help scientists develop rockets to take humans off Earth and into space.”
    American Cosmic ch1:34849-35026
  36. Jack Parsons collaborated with Crowley and Hubbard, launching rockets and conducting rituals
    “Jack Parsons was uniquely American in that he collaborated with Aleister Crowley and L. Ron Hubbard and spent time both launching rockets and engaging in provocative rituals in the Los Angeles desert.”
    American Cosmic ch1:35097-35290
  37. Parsons died at thirty-seven when a rocket exploded in his garage
    “He was thirty-seven when one of his rockets exploded as he was experimenting in his garage, and he perished with it.”
    American Cosmic ch1:35603-35716
  38. Pasulka owned a pink iPhone
    “Jeff and I looked down at my pink iPhone.”
    American Cosmic ch1:51786-51820
  39. Pasulka wrote that the monolith in 2001: A Space Odyssey resembled a larger version of her iPhone
    “As I watched scenes with the monolith, I realized that it resembled a larger version of my iPhone.”
    American Cosmic ch3:54892-54983
  40. Unable to sleep one New Year's Eve, Pasulka opened The Gay Science at random
    “It was New Year’s Eve. That night, I went to bed early and fell asleep immediately. At midnight I was awakened by fireworks and the merry-making of New Year’s revelers. Amid the noise, I had no hope of returning to sleep, so I picked up the book on my nightstand. I opened it up randomly.”
    American Cosmic ch3:41335-41614
  41. The book fell open to one of only three aphorisms devoted to New Year's Eve
    “I happened to open it to the only three aphorisms in the whole book devoted to New Year’s Eve. The first was titled “Sanctus Januarius” (Saint Januarius or Holy January).”
    American Cosmic ch3:41673-41834
  42. Pasulka connects UFO narrative formation to Jung's concept of amplificatory interpretation
    “The cultural narratives were formed through processes anticipated by Jung with his concept of amplificatory interpretation.”
    American Cosmic ch3:53053-53161

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