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USA, New Mexico, Roswell

A city in south-eastern New Mexico, USA, best known as the site of a reported 1947 crash and debris recovery central to UFO lore, and now home to an annual UFO festival.

South-eastern New Mexico, USA · Reported 1947 crash and debris retrieval; annual UFO festival · About 50,000

Roswell is a city in south-eastern New Mexico, USA, with a population of about 50,000, up from roughly 15,000 in the late 1940s.1 Since the 1930s, the high plains of south-eastern New Mexico have served as a test area for the United States’ space and aerospace technology,2 and the White Sands testing ground lies a two-hour drive to the west of the crash site associated with the city.3 Robert Goddard worked alone in the deserts outside Roswell, corresponding frequently with Jack Parsons and his associates.4 Roswell now hosts an annual four-day UFO festival.5

Local New Mexico newspapers carried many reports of odd lights throughout 1947,6 including a disc-shaped object seen zigzagging across the sky on 1 July7 and something brightly lit that crossed the skies over Roswell in a north-westerly direction on the evening of 2 July, witnessed by members of the public and reported locally.8 On 5 July 1947, ranch foreman Mac Brazel said he found crash debris scattered across a cattle ranch 120 kilometres from Roswell,9 and that he then drove into town to report the find,10 in what became known as the Roswell incident (1947). The 1947 Roswell Army Air Field press release July 8 stated that the object had landed on a ranch near Roswell the previous week, and that the rancher, lacking phone facilities, stored the debris until he could contact the sheriff’s office, which in turn notified Major Jesse Marcel of the 509th Bomber Group Intelligence Office.11 A later report was issued stating that the Roswell disc was a crashed weather balloon.12 The following day, the Irish Times reported that the US War Department said it was without news of the New Mexico flying saucer and was checking with Roswell.13

Drawing on later reporting, Annie Jacobsen wrote that in July 1947 United States Signal Corps engineers tracked two anomalous objects flying across the south-western United States, occasionally hovering before continuing on.14 According to Jacobsen, one of the two objects crashed near Roswell, and the office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff took command and recovered the airframe and propulsion equipment, including the craft’s power source, in what she associated with the 1947 Roswell crash and debris retrieval.15 Jacobsen wrote that the craft was nothing like a conventional aircraft, with no wings or tail, a round fuselage and a dome on top.16 According to In Plain Sight, secret US Army memos declassified in 1994 referred to the object as a “flying disc”.17 The 1947 crash occurred in the vicinity of a government test facility in New Mexico and broke into two crash sites, in an event referred to as the 1947 Roswell Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) crash.18 According to the Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I, a crashed balloon associated with Project Mogul outside Roswell is assessed to be the source of early UFO claims related to the incident.19

Edgar Mitchell grew up in Roswell, the site of the Roswell Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) crash.20 Growing up on a ranch in the Roswell area is said to have contributed to Mitchell’s lifelong championing of the UAP topic.21 Jesse Marcel later said he had been ordered to take part in a cover-up, and that the real debris he recovered near Roswell was extra-terrestrial in origin.22 Whitley Strieber wrote to Strom Thurmond that Brigadier General Arthur Exon told him personally in 1989 that there had been a “completely unequivocal cover-up” of a retrieved alien craft at Roswell that “went from Harry S. Truman on down”.23 Exon was allegedly heavily involved in the retrieval of the Roswell craft in 1947.24 Philip Corso said that an alien spacecraft crashed at Roswell in 1947 and was recovered by the US government, in what is also known as the 1947 Roswell UFO crash.25 Luis Elizondo said FBI agents visited ranchers in the Roswell area door-to-door to warn that anyone who spoke about the crash would be killed.26 President Bill Clinton said that, as far as he knew, an alien spacecraft did not crash in Roswell in 1947, that if the US Air Force had recovered alien bodies they had not told him, and that he wanted to know.27

Rumours of recovered flying saucers persisted into 1950: a 9 January 1950 issue of Time magazine reported claims that crashed “flying saucers” and “small humanoid looking bodies” had been recovered from crashes in New Mexico,28 and in March 1950 the 1950 Guy Hottel FBI memo told J. Edgar Hoover that an air force investigator had disclosed that three flying saucers had been recovered in New Mexico.29 The book Behind the Flying Saucers alleged there had been multiple crashes and retrievals of extra-terrestrial flying saucers in New Mexico.30 Richard C. Hoagland has cited 25 June 1947 as one possible date for the crash.31 According to Dark Mission, a memo mailed to Jaime Shandera described the crash of a flying saucer in the New Mexico desert near Roswell in 1947 and the recovery of bodies, followed by a cover-up.32 Jacobsen’s book Area 51 asserts that what crashed at Roswell in 1947 was in fact a Russian craft, built with the help of captured Nazi German scientists,33 and that the bodies recovered were “grotesquely deformed” children with unusually large heads and abnormally shaped, oversize eyes;34 her source for the book claimed the children were comatose but still alive.35 According to the book, Joseph Stalin had intended the craft to land in New Mexico and cause a War of the Worlds-style panic.36 Erik Nanstiel has said it is claimed the crash may have been caused when two discs passed too close to a high-powered radar station, the radar’s high-powered microwaves interrupting the field propulsion around the craft and causing it to veer off course and crash.37 According to Scott Ramsey, oil workers discovered a lenticular craft on 25 March 1948 after being called out to investigate a brush fire.38

Rey Hernandez has said that Mitchell’s parents owned two farm supply stores in the Roswell area,39 whose regular customers included most of the local ranchers and workers.40 Hernandez has said that after Mitchell returned from the Moon he was considered a hero both nationally and among the people of Roswell,41 and that on his visits to the town, old-timers and their children would pull him aside to tell him intimate stories about the ship that crashed there.42 In a confession tape, Shirley Wright said she had studied under Albert Einstein at Princeton and was taken to the crash site, given a tour inside the craft, shown eight dead bodies and one living entity, and had an exchange and communication with one of the entities.43 Tyler D. has said that the best place to conceal the truth is in a mess of confusion, and that the UFO narrative surrounding Roswell and Area 51 served as a cover story for covert activities.44 He has said the topic is difficult to understand because it has been intentionally confused and aggravated by other forces, both human and possibly nonhuman.45 Historian David Marler, based near Roswell, has compiled a large collection of top-secret files spanning more than fifty years.46 Ross Coulthart later travelled to Western Australia Exmouth to investigate reported strange aerial activity above the town, described as Australia’s own Roswell;47 an anonymous source claiming to be a senior US defence or intelligence official told Coulthart that one recovered alien spacecraft came from near Roswell.48 The 1947 Australian UAP sightings all occurred just before the Roswell sighting event.49 During the 2007 Roswell horseshoe-object sighting, witness Patricia Carroll reported seeing a triangular or possibly horseshoe-shaped, dimly lit object that looked ghostly or smoky and seemed to dim and brighten in and out of visibility.50

  1. Roswell's population, then and at the time of writing
    “These days Roswell is a growing city with a population of about 50,000 but in the late 1940s it was a much smaller town of about 15,000, servicing local farmers and local military bases.”
    In Plain Sight ch7:8392-8572 View the source record →
  2. South-eastern New Mexico as a test area for US aerospace technology since the 1930s
    “Since the 1930s, the empty high plains of southeastern New Mexico have been a test area for the United States’ space and aerospace technology.”
    In Plain Sight ch7:8579-8710 View the source record →
  3. White Sands testing ground two hours west of the crash site
    “The New Mexico White Sands testing ground, two hours’ drive west of the crash site, was where the US Army had conducted the world’s first-ever detonation of the ‘Trinity’ nuclear device on 16 July 1945.”
    In Plain Sight ch7:9314-9537 View the source record →
  4. Robert Goddard's correspondence with Jack Parsons while working near Roswell
    “They also frequently corresponded with Robert Goddard, who by that time was working alone in the deserts outside Roswell, New Mexico.”
    Dark Mission ch12:76538-76664
  5. Annual four-day UFO festival in Roswell
    “the town hosts an annual four-day UFO festival”
    American Cosmic ch1:1882-1920
  6. Newspaper reports of odd lights throughout 1947
    “Throughout 1947 there were many reports in the New Mexico newspapers of odd lights.”
    Communion ch14:13566-13642
  7. Disc-shaped object seen zigzagging over New Mexico, 1 July 1947
    “On 1 July, a disc-shaped UAP was seen zigzagging across the sky in New Mexico”
    In Plain Sight ch7:7151-7222 View the source record →
  8. Brightly lit object over Roswell, evening of 2 July 1947
    “on the evening of July 2, something was seen by members of the public in the skies over Roswell and reported locally. This object was brightly lit and crossed the skies in a northwesterly direction.”
    Communion ch14:13947-14135
  9. Mac Brazel's account of finding crash debris, 5 July 1947
    “On 5 July 1947, a ranch foreman named Mac Brazel found crash debris scattered across a cattle ranch 120 kilometres from Roswell in New Mexico.”
    In Plain Sight ch7:8249-8384 View the source record →
  10. Brazel drove into Roswell to report the find
    “So Brazel drove into Roswell to report his find.”
    In Plain Sight ch7:8722-8765 View the source record →
  11. July 8, 1947 Roswell Army Air Field press release account
    “The flying object landed on a ranch near Roswell sometime last week. Not having phone facilities, the rancher stored the disc until such time as he was able to contact the sheriff's office, who in turn notified Major Jesse A. Marcel of the 509th Bomber Group Intelligence Office.”
    Communion ch14:14700-14972
  12. Later report attributing the debris to a weather balloon
    “Later a report was issued to the effect that this disk was a crashed weather balloon.”
    Communion ch14:15172-15249
  13. Irish Times report on War Department statement, 9 July 1947
    “Wednesday, July 9th in 1947, newspaper The Irish Times says this. The U.S. War Department stated last night that they were without news of the New Mexico flying saucer and were checking with Roswell.”
    Aliens and Albert Einstein - The Secret Document - DEBRIEFED ep. 33 00:06:10.4-00:06:23.4
  14. Jacobsen: Signal Corps tracked two anomalous objects, July 1947
    “Jacobsen wrote that in July 1947, US Signal Corps engineers tracked two anomalous objects flying across the south-western United States, the craft sometimes hovering before continuing to fly on.”
    In Plain Sight ch18:1408-1599 View the source record →
  15. Jacobsen: Joint Chiefs of Staff recovery of airframe and propulsion equipment
    “One of the flying objects crashed near Roswell and 'immediately, the office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . . . took command and control and recovered the airframe and some propulsion equipment, including the crashed craft's power plant, or energy source'.”
    In Plain Sight ch18:1603-1850 View the source record →
  16. Jacobsen's description of the craft's shape
    “The craft was nothing like any conventional aircraft, with no wings or tail, a round fuselage and a dome on the top, with secret army memos declassified in 1994 referring to it as a 'flying disc'.”
    In Plain Sight ch18:1860-2050 View the source record →
  17. 1994-declassified Army memos calling the object a flying disc
    “...with secret army memos declassified in 1994 referring to it as a 'flying disc'.”
    In Plain Sight ch18:1977-2050 View the source record →
  18. Elizondo: crash near a government test facility, two crash sites
    “A UAP fell that day in the vicinity of a government test facility in New Mexico and broke into two crash sites.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch12:15179-15284 View the source record →
  19. 2024 historical review assessment linking early claims to a Project Mogul balloon
    “A crashed balloon associated with Project Mogul outside of Roswell, New Mexico, is assessed to be the source of early UFO claims.”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:120945-121067 View the source record →
  20. Edgar Mitchell's upbringing in Roswell
    “and his early years growing up in Roswell, New Mexico, the site of the world famous Roswell UFO crash.”
    American Cosmic ch6:23239-23335
  21. Elizondo on Mitchell's Roswell-area upbringing shaping his UAP advocacy
    “He was also a longtime champion of the UAP topic, due to his childhood growing up on a ranch in the Roswell, New Mexico, area and what he had since learned as an astronaut.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch12:8252-8440 View the source record →
  22. Jesse Marcel's later claim of being ordered into a cover-up
    “Three decades later, Marcel claimed that he was ordered to collude in a cover-up and that the real debris he recovered from near Roswell was extra-terrestrial in origin.”
    In Plain Sight ch37:260-422 View the source record →
  23. Strieber's letter to Thurmond relaying Exon's 1989 remarks
    “Strieber told the Senator in his letter that US Army Brigadier General Arthur Exon had told him personally in 1989 that there was a 'completely unequivocal cover-up' of a retrieved alien craft at Roswell and 'it went from [President Harry] Truman on down'.”
    In Plain Sight ch25:22926-23176 View the source record →
  24. Exon's alleged involvement in the 1947 retrieval
    “General Art Exon, who was allegedly heavily involved in the retrieval of the Roswell craft in 1947”
    Whitley Strieber Reveals What 40 Years of Encounters Taught Him | Reality Check Rewind 00:37:46.4-00:37:55.8
  25. Corso's assertion of an alien craft recovered by the US government
    “Corso asserted that there was indeed an alien spacecraft crash at Roswell in 1947 that was recovered by the US government.”
    In Plain Sight ch25:22089-22200 View the source record →
  26. Elizondo on FBI warnings delivered to local ranchers
    “FBI agents visited ranchers in the region, going door-to-door to deliver the threatening message: if you speak about the crashes, you will be killed.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch12:8596-8738 View the source record →
  27. Clinton's remarks on the 1947 crash claims
    “President Clinton said, "As far as I know, an alien spacecraft did not crash in Roswell, New Mexico, in 1947...if the USAF did recover alien bodies, they didn't tell me about it...and I want to know."”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:53986-54180 View the source record →
  28. Time magazine report on rumoured recoveries, January 1950
    “a 9 January 1950 issue of the news magazine Time reported rumours that crashed 'flying saucers' and 'small humanoid looking bodies' had been recovered from crashes in New Mexico”
    In Plain Sight ch8:3847-4020 View the source record →
  29. 1950 Guy Hottel FBI memo to Hoover
    “That was followed by an astounding report to Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) boss J. Edgar Hoover in March 1950, telling him that an air force investigator had disclosed 'that three so-called flying saucers had been recovered in New Mexico.'”
    In Plain Sight ch8:4028-4267 View the source record →
  30. Behind the Flying Saucers' claims of multiple New Mexico crashes
    “which alleged there had been multiple crashes and retrievals of ET flying saucers in New Mexico”
    In Plain Sight ch8:6906-6995 View the source record →
  31. Hoagland's alternative date for the crash
    “and one possible date given for the infamous UFO crash at Roswell, New Mexico”
    Dark Mission ch12:101084-101155
  32. Memo mailed to Jaime Shandera describing the crash and cover-up
    “The memo described the now famous crash of a flying saucer in the New Mexico desert in 1947 near Roswell and the recovery of bodies and a subsequent cover-up of the same events.”
    Dark Mission ch12:70522-70692
  33. Jacobsen's Area 51: claim of a Russian-built craft
    “Where her book courted most controversy was Jacobsen's extraordinary assertion that what crashed at Roswell was actually Russian, crafted by captured Nazi Germany scientists.”
    In Plain Sight ch18:2057-2220 View the source record →
  34. Jacobsen's Area 51: description of the recovered bodies
    “Her even more dramatic claim – that bodies found on the craft were those of 'grotesquely deformed' children with unusually large heads and abnormally-shaped oversize eyes – was savaged by sceptics.”
    In Plain Sight ch18:2232-2421 View the source record →
  35. Jacobsen's source: children comatose but alive
    “Jacobsen's source also claimed the deformed children were 'comatose but still alive'.”
    In Plain Sight ch18:2766-2844 View the source record →
  36. Jacobsen's Area 51: Stalin's alleged intent
    “Joseph Stalin supposedly intended the craft to land at New Mexico and cause a War of the Worlds-style panic.”
    In Plain Sight ch18:2655-2759 View the source record →
  37. Nanstiel's radar-interference theory of the crash cause
    “it's said that the Roswell crash may have been caused when two disks passed too close to a high powered radar station. And the thought is that these high powered microwaves from the radar interrupt the flight envelope, the field propulsion around their craft. and it'll veer off course and crash into something.”
    "Skinny Bob is Real" - Lifelong Abductee Reveals Everything - Erik Nanstiel | DEBRIEFED ep. 85 01:46:58.5-01:47:25.1
  38. Ramsey's account of oil workers finding a lenticular craft, March 1948
    “Well, on March 25th, 1948, oil workers discovered a lenticular craft laying up here after being called out because of a brush fire.”
    The UFO Phenomenon | Full Documentary 2021 | 7NEWS Spotlight 00:58:33.1-00:58:42.5
  39. Hernandez on the Mitchell family's farm supply stores
    “Edgar’s parents owned two farm supply stores in the Roswell area and he knew most of the ranchers and workers in the area because they were always in his parents’ stores.”
    American Cosmic ch6:23448-23611
  40. Hernandez on Mitchell's local connections through the family stores
    “he knew most of the ranchers and workers in the area because they were always in his parents’ stores.”
    American Cosmic ch6:23517-23611
  41. Hernandez on Mitchell's hero status after his Moon return
    “He told me that after he came back from the moon he was not only a national hero but a hero to the folks in Roswell.”
    American Cosmic ch6:23619-23727
  42. Hernandez on local residents' stories told to Mitchell
    “When he returned to Roswell, many of the old timers and their children began to pull him aside and told him very intimate stories of the ship that crashed in Roswell.”
    American Cosmic ch6:23736-23894
  43. Shirley Wright's confession-tape account
    “This is a confession tape by Dr. Wright, who says that she studied under Albert Einstein at Princeton and was... I guess, taken to the crash at Roswell and was given a tour inside the craft, shown the bodies where there lay eight dead and one alive, and even had an exchange and communication with one of these entities.”
    Aliens and Albert Einstein - The Secret Document - DEBRIEFED ep. 33 00:09:12.0-00:09:34.7
  44. Tyler D. on Roswell/Area 51 as a cover narrative
    “Tyler was always fond of saying that the best place to conceal the truth was in a mess of confusion... the UFO narrative was a good cover story for it, or a way to camouflage it.”
    American Cosmic ch2:47788-48016
  45. Tyler D. on deliberate confusion around the topic
    ““Roswell is difficult because not only do humans not understand what is going on within the topic of nonhuman intelligence, but the topic has been intentionally confused and aggravated by some other forces, human and possibly nonhuman.”
    American Cosmic ch2:49532-49757
  46. David Marler's collection of declassified files
    “In the middle of the New Mexico desert, a stone's throw from Roswell. Historian David Mahler has been compiling a treasure trove of top secret files spanning more than half a century.”
    The UFO Phenomenon | Full Documentary 2021 | 7NEWS Spotlight 00:05:18.0-00:05:32.3
  47. Coulthart's trip to Exmouth as 'Australia's Roswell'
    “Under the watchful eye of the town's flightless guards, Ross Coulthart has arrived here to investigate the strange activities of something that's been flying above Exmouth. Down Under's very own Roswell.”
    The UFO Phenomenon | Full Documentary 2021 | 7NEWS Spotlight 00:20:59.3-00:21:16.0
  48. Anonymous source telling Coulthart of a Roswell-origin recovery
    “And one of them was recovered from near here.”
    The UFO Phenomenon | Full Documentary 2021 | 7NEWS Spotlight 00:57:48.2-00:57:50.0
  49. 1947 Australian sightings preceding the Roswell event
    “These events also all happened just before a sighting event in New Mexico, USA, that, for many, is the origin myth of the great modern extra-terrestrial conspiracy theory – Roswell.”
    In Plain Sight ch7:4853-5026 View the source record →
  50. Patricia Carroll's 2007 horseshoe-object sighting
    “in Roswell, New Mexico, 2007, not 1947, Patricia Carroll reported seeing a triangular or possibly horseshoe shaped dimly lit object that looked ghostly or smoky and seemed to be dimming and brightening in and out of visibility.”
    Horseshoe UAP Video Surfaces! - DEBRIEFED ep. 08 00:13:29.6-00:13:43.7

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