Apollo 14 was a NASA crewed lunar landing mission on which Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchell were the only two astronauts to land on the Moon’s surface, each carrying one Hasselblad camera.1 Shepard commanded the mission after undergoing a secret, then-innovative inner-ear surgical procedure in 1971 that enabled him to fly.2 Mitchell piloted Antares (Apollo 14 Lunar Module) to the surface during the 1971 Apollo 14 landing on 1971-02-05, becoming the sixth man to walk on the Moon.3 During the mission’s final extra-vehicular activity, also on 1971-02-05, Shepard surprised NASA and the nation on live television by taking the first golf shot on the Moon,4 boasting in his live radio transmission that the ball “went miles and miles."5 Two days before the golf shot, Mitchell had erected a colour television camera at the landing site that broadcast a running sequence of images to Earth in parallel with Shepard’s radio transmission.6 A photograph taken by Shepard of Mitchell setting up that camera at the beginning of their first extra-vehicular activity, AS14-66-9301 “Mitchell Under Glass” (Apollo 14 photograph), survives among the mission’s Hasselblad images.7
The Spaceman, a close friend of Mitchell,8 said that Mitchell privately confided he had seen anomalous objects during the mission that he could not explain,9 including well-defined blue lights that appeared to have a structure behind them.10 A photograph taken outside the lunar module on the Moon’s surface shows Mitchell posing in the foreground with a blue light hovering in the distant blackness of space behind him.11 According to The Spaceman, Mitchell anticipated that critics would call the light in that photograph a lens artefact or flare, but said he had seen it with his own eyes and did not accept that explanation.12 The Spaceman further said Mitchell ruled out lens flares, reflections from inside the lunar module, and camera glitches, because he saw the lights directly and later confirmed they appeared on film.13 High-resolution film of the lunar module’s return journey, taken as it waited for the command module to rotate for docking, shows a trio of blue lights grouped in what looks like a dark triangular shape to the left of the command module against the blackness of space.14 According to The Spaceman, Mitchell noted that the same anomaly appeared on two separate films from two separate cameras.15 The camera that photographed Mitchell on the lunar surface with the light behind him remained on the Moon,16 while the camera that filmed the lights near the command module returned to Earth with him.17 No blue lights were present inside the lunar module that could have caused a reflection, as all its interior lights were white.18 Mitchell saw an object with a blue light from the lunar module just before docking with the command module.19 The Spaceman said that although Mitchell always publicly denied seeing a UFO during the mission, he privately told The Spaceman that he saw strange objects throughout the 1971 flight.20
Ken Johnston recounted that after Apollo 14’s mission film was processed at the NASA photo lab, he organised a private viewing for chief astronomer Thornton Page and his associates.21 Johnston recalled setting up the film in a sequence projector, similar to a reversed gun camera, that allowed stopping, freeze-framing, forwarding, reversing and zooming.22 During the footage of the Moon’s far side, in the shadows of a large crater, a cluster of about five or six lights was visible inside the crater’s rim.23 As the spacecraft approached the crater, the sun angle meant its shadowed interior covered about half the crater.24 Most of the prints in Johnston’s collection were from the Apollo 12 and Apollo 14 missions,25 whose landing sites, in Oceanus Procellarum, were separated by approximately 196 kilometres - closer together than any other pair of Apollo landings.26 Scanning Johnston’s Apollo 14 C-prints by computer, Richard C. Hoagland found that the process could reveal geometric detail in the pitch-black areas of the lunar sky that was invisible to the naked eye.27 He separately discovered two untouched panoramas of the Fra Mauro (Apollo 14 landing site) among Johnston’s photographs, each a mosaic of individual Hasselblad images printed on two 8x10 glossies.28 Hoagland said that because Apollo 14 and Apollo 12 appeared to have photographed the same crystalline geometry in generally the same location, he became more convinced his Ancient lunar dome hypothesis was correct.29 During a 1996 debate with Mitchell on Coast to Coast AM, Hoagland suggested that the distant lunar ruins might have been very faint and further filtered by the gold visors (Apollo helmet visors) worn by astronauts on the lunar surface.30