Skip to content

Majestic 12 (MJ-12)

Majestic 12 (MJ-12) is an alleged secret group within the US government, said to have been formed after the 1947 Roswell incident to manage recovered UFO technology, whose existence rests entirely on a disputed set of leaked documents.

1947-09-24 (per the Truman Directive) · Alleged; existence disputed by the FBI and US military · Alleged secret government group

Majestic 12 (MJ-12) is the name given to an alleged secret group, said in a memo mailed to researcher Jaime Shandera to comprise twelve members tasked with dealing with “the alien problem”, according to the book Dark Mission.1 According to Jonathan Caplan, a directive dated 24 September 1947 — the Truman Directive of 1947-09-24 — directed Vannevar Bush and James Forrestal to set up the group and report directly to President Harry S. Truman; within a week, Forrestal met Henry Tizard, then chief scientific advisor to the UK Ministry of Defence, at the start of October 1947 during the 1947-10 Forrestal-Tizard meetings.2 The directive was leaked in around 1980 to two filmmakers, and the resulting material became known as the Majestic 12 documents.3 The documents allegedly established Majestic 12 as the group responsible for the retrieval of non-human craft, a subject researchers term UFO crash retrieval,4 though their provenance is officially disputed by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the US military.5

Vannevar Bush and Donald Menzel are named as founding members of Majestic 12 in the Shandera memo, according to Dark Mission.6 Menzel’s inclusion was initially used by debunkers as evidence that the documents were forgeries, since he had been a frequent public UFO debunker who had written three books on the subject.7 Research into Menzel’s personal papers by nuclear physicist and UFO researcher Stanton Friedman, conducted for a book on the Majestic 12 documents, found that Menzel had led an elaborate double life,8 with numerous references turning up to his participation in a variety of intelligence projects and committees, including top-secret weapons programmes, that would have made him a plausible candidate for Majestic 12.9 Friedman has argued for the validity of the Majestic 12 documents and the existence of Majestic 12 itself.10 According to Dark Mission, document researchers have also identified Theodore von Karman as a possible member based on his name appearing on other newly unearthed documents.11

Caplan has examined the typography, printing, format, watermarks and terminology of the documents, alongside corroboration from other diaries, to assess their provenance.12 He has said the documents corroborate contemporary diaries not released at the time, including those of Truman, Forrestal and Dwight D. Eisenhower,13 and that he examined the diaries of the head of the US Atomic Energy Commission and found they corroborate the documents.14 Caplan has said he discounts the theory that the documents are the product of a counterintelligence operation, believing most of them genuine.15 Ross Coulthart has noted that debunkers claim James Jesus Angleton, head of counterintelligence at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), fabricated the documents to disinform the Soviets into believing the Americans had recovered alien technology,16 but he does not accept this theory, given the volume of material and the detailed knowledge of names, details and events it would have required.17 Coulthart has pointed to a detail in one document noting that the president was at the Blair House meeting of 1949-07-14 because the White House was being rebuilt at the time, which he considers an important corroborating detail.18 Caplan considers it extremely unlikely that Forrestal did not tell Tizard about Majestic 12, which he says had been set up because of a recovered craft and associated biologics,19 and Coulthart has separately said he considers it extremely unlikely that Forrestal and Bush did not brief Tizard on Majestic 12 and the UFO issue at that October 1947 meeting.20 Caplan believes Forrestal impressed on Tizard that Majestic 12 had to be kept secret, and that Tizard’s team should limit the documents they produced, possibly for personal use only.21 Caplan concludes that Majestic 12 existed and that the documents are genuine,22 and Coulthart has said he considers the files authentic beyond doubt,23 though he is not fully convinced that some subsequent documents were not deliberately planted disinformation.24

Caplan considers it likely that the agreement Truman referenced at the Blair House meeting relates to Majestic 12.25 Many of the classic Majestic 12 documents came via Timothy Cooper, a United States Marine Corps veteran,26 and Caplan has obtained key new documents that had been held by Ryan Wood, a keeper of the Majestic 12 archive.27 Caplan has said he met Wood in Washington roughly two years before the interview and asked him whether Cooper had handed over all the Majestic 12 documents to Wood’s father.28 One of the two newly found documents concerns the Blair House meeting and forms part of an annex to a Majestic 12 report;29 another part of that annex, comprising paragraphs nine onwards, had already been disclosed before the newly found pages covering paragraphs one to eight.30 The newly disclosed page discusses Truman wanting to share some of the Majestic 12 material with US allies.31 The newly found documents were simply not handed over previously, largely a matter of what Cooper was prepared to give, with some material left behind.32 Caplan has said he found one or two typescript documents distributed among the Majestic 12 material that do not purport to be original 1940s or 1950s documents, and which he believes were forged,33 including one headed “Truman and Congress”, which purports to be an account of Truman being called to give evidence before the US Congress in 1963 or 1964 about Majestic 12, in which he is embarrassed and gives various answers.34 Caplan has said the quantity and detail of the documents, much of which can now be confirmed, argues against them being forgeries,35 noting that some are routine letter exchanges bearing an MJ-12 stamp with no counterintelligence benefit, which he sees as evidence against a fabrication that would have required an army of people and a vast amount of sources,36 and that he considers the documents confirmed by access to a range of now-available public documents.37

Among recovered photographs bearing the initials “MJ-12” on the back are images of a number of people, including scientists — many of them Paperclip scientists known from other sources to have worked for Majestic 12.38 John von Neumann, Leo Szilard and Edward Teller are among the scientists identified in these photographs.39 Caplan has said that Eric Walker told other ufologists, including William Steinman, that von Neumann was working at Majestic 12,40 and that Walker himself confirmed he had worked at Majestic 12.41 Caplan has said that others working at the time on Majestic 12 projects have confirmed von Neumann’s involvement.42 According to Caplan, James Lay appears in an earlier Majestic 12 document as having been consulted over the 1947 Roswell incident and having supported the establishment of Majestic 12 as a separate intelligence unit.43 An account by Thomas Wilson describes a private, two-hour conversation with Willard Miller after the group broke up following the 1997-04 Pentagon briefing by Greer, Miller and Mitchell, during which the two men discussed UFOs, Majestic 12, the 1947 Roswell incident, and crashed UFOs and alien bodies.44 Wilson has also described telling a programme manager that he had read their programme’s record in the OUSDAT special programme records group, asking about their crashed UFO programme and their role in it, and whether they had heard of Majestic 12 or a similar organisation code relating to crashed or recovered UFO craft.45 He has said he called Miller in around late June 1997 and told him that Miller was right that a Majestic 12-like organisation exists.46 Wilson has separately said that a discussion between Oke Shannon and Miller touched on a Boston Globe story by Leslie Kean, the UFO topic, crashed and retrieved UFO craft and bodies, and a Majestic 12-like organisation or cabal.47 Coulthart has said his understanding is that senior public servants are briefed by the Americans on Majestic 12-related matters, but that it is very rare for elected politicians to be briefed in.48

Among the documents leaked as part of the Majestic 12 trove was the Lancer document.49 Caplan has said the counterintelligence officer who disclosed the Lancer document described it as the last piece of evidence that would tie the CIA to the assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy.50 Coulthart has gone further, describing the Lancer document as an overt expression of intention by members of the alleged Majestic 12 group to murder the President, in the John F. Kennedy assassination.51

  1. Memo mailed to Jaime Shandera listed twelve members of a new organisation, Majestic/MJ-12, tasked with the alien problem
    “It also listed a group of twelve members of a new organization tasked with dealing with the "alien problem." The group, called Majestic or "MJ 12,"”
    Dark Mission ch12:70700-70843
  2. Truman Directive directed Bush and Forrestal to set up MJ-12 and report to Truman; Forrestal met Tizard within a week, early October 1947
    “within one week of the Truman directive to Bush and James Forrestal to, in fact, set up Majestic 12 and to report directly to him, at the beginning of October 1947, Forrestal then had a meeting with Sir Henry Tizard, who at that time was the chief scientific advisor to the Ministry of Defence.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:13:30.1-00:13:56.4
  3. The directive was leaked around 1980 to two filmmakers, and the material became known as the Majestic 12 documents
    “There was a Truman Directive 24th of September 1947 in a document that was leaked in 1980 or so to two filmmakers. And those documents became known as the Majestic 12 documents”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:16:47.6-00:17:01.9
  4. The documents allegedly established MJ-12 as responsible for retrieval of non-human craft
    “they established allegedly Majestic 12 as the group responsible for the retrieval of non-human craft.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:17:08.8-00:17:17.1
  5. Provenance of the documents is officially disputed by the FBI and US military
    “the provenance of which is still, of course, disputed officially by the FBI and the US military.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:17:02.4-00:17:07.5
  6. Bush and Menzel named as founding members in the Shandera memo
    “included both Bush and Menzel as founding members”
    Dark Mission ch12:70848-70890
  7. Menzel's presence used by debunkers as proof of forgery, given his public debunking record
    “At first, debunkers used the presence of Menzel on the list as "proof" the documents were forgeries, since Menzel had been a frequent UFO debunker publicly (having written three books on the subject)”
    Dark Mission ch12:70899-71090
  8. Friedman's research into Menzel's papers found he led an elaborate double life
    “long-time UFO researcher (and nuclear physicist) Stanton Friedman went painstakingly through Menzel's papers as part of his research for a book on the MJ 12 documents, and discovered that Menzel had led an elaborate double life”
    Dark Mission ch12:71453-71676
  9. Menzel's papers showed links to intelligence projects and top-secret weapons programmes
    “Friedman found numerous references to Menzel's participation in a variety of intelligence projects and committees, including some top-secret weapons programs that would have made him an ideal candidate for MJ 12.”
    Dark Mission ch12:71682-71891
  10. Friedman argues for the validity of the MJ-12 documents and organisation
    “Friedman also makes a compelling argument for the validity of the MJ 12 documents, and the existence of MJ 12 itself.”
    Dark Mission ch12:71895-72005
  11. Researchers have identified Theodore von Karman as a possible MJ-12 member
    “The MJ-12 document researchers have also identified Von Karman as a possible member of MJ-12—based on his name appearing on certain new documents they have been recently unearthed.”
    Dark Mission ch12:79156-79328
  12. Caplan examined typography, printing, watermarks and terminology to assess provenance
    “You've looked at the typography, the printing, the format, the watermarks, the terminology used, the corroboration from other diaries.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:25:59.3-00:26:08.0
  13. Caplan finds the documents corroborate unreleased Truman, Forrestal and Eisenhower diaries
    “the detail of the documents check out with contemporary diaries, which were not released at the time. The meetings that are referred to in the documents are reflected in the diaries of not just the president, but Forrestal, Eisenhower.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:20:15.5-00:20:30.3
  14. Caplan examined the AEC head's diaries and found they corroborate the documents
    “I've looked at the diaries of the head of the Atomic Energy Commission, and it just does knit together.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:20:32.1-00:20:41.4
  15. Caplan discounts the counterintelligence-operation theory, believing most documents genuine
    “I really do discount that because ... the detail checks out, they are such a quantity of these documents, many of which don't have any counterintelligence consequence at all. And I'm pretty sure that most of them, not all of them, but most of them are genuine.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:20:51.1-00:21:11.5
  16. Coulthart notes debunkers claim Angleton fabricated the documents to disinform the Soviets
    “the documents were conceived by James Jesus Angleton, the notorious head of counterintelligence for the CIA, who on the account that's given by the debunkers, he supposedly created these documents to disinform the Soviets into the belief that the Americans had recovered alien technology.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:21:18.3-00:21:38.0
  17. Coulthart rejects the Angleton theory given the volume and detail required
    “it never washed with me because I can imagine creating, as you say, one document or a couple of documents or a few documents. This is a vast trove of material. And whoever conceived the documents clearly had a knowledge of names, details, events.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:21:39.9-00:22:01.5
  18. One document notes the president was at Blair House because the White House was being rebuilt
    “was it Truman or Eisenhower, one of the documents you talk about, the president was actually at Blair House because the White House was being rebuilt. And I thought that was a very important detail”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:22:08.9-00:22:19.2
  19. Caplan considers it extremely unlikely Forrestal did not tell Tizard about MJ-12
    “it is extremely unlikely that Forrestal did not tell Sir Henry about Majestic 12, the reason that it had been set up because of the craft that had been found and the biologics that went with it.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:13:58.8-00:14:13.3
  20. Coulthart considers it extremely unlikely Forrestal and Bush did not brief Tizard on MJ-12
    “it's unlikely in the extreme that they didn't brief Tizard on the UFOs issue on Majestic.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:23:06.0-00:23:13.8
  21. Caplan believes Forrestal impressed the need for secrecy on Tizard
    “it clearly is the case that Forrestal impressed on Tizard that this had to be kept under wraps that they should go away and do their own research and that they should limit the documents that they're producing, possibly only for his own personal use.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:23:56.4-00:24:14.7
  22. Caplan concludes Majestic 12 existed and the documents are genuine
    “i conclude that a majestic 12 existed and that the documents are real”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:13:12.8-00:13:17.9
  23. Coulthart considers the files authentic beyond doubt
    “I mean, no doubt whatsoever that they are authentic.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:16:28.0-00:16:30.4
  24. Coulthart is not fully convinced some subsequent documents were not planted disinformation
    “I'm yet to be convinced fully that there's not ... the possibility that there might have been deliberate disinformation planted in some of the subsequent MJ-12 documents.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:16:31.4-00:16:41.5
  25. Caplan considers it likely the agreement Truman referenced at Blair House relates to MJ-12
    “But in the context of the discussion that we're having, it's very likely that it's something to do, I would say, with Majestic 12.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:25:44.6-00:25:52.6
  26. Many classic MJ-12 documents came via Timothy Cooper, a US Marine Corps veteran
    “So a lot of the classic MJ-12 documents came via a gentleman called Tim Cooper, Timothy Cooper, who was a US Marine Corps veteran”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:28:35.3-00:28:43.5
  27. Caplan obtained new documents held by Ryan Wood, keeper of the MJ-12 archive
    “And you've obtained key new documents that were held by Ryan Wood, who's one of the keepers of the MJ-12 archive.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:28:57.5-00:29:06.8
  28. Caplan met Wood and asked whether Cooper had handed over all the documents to his father
    “The two documents that are new came about because when I was in Washington about two years ago, I met with Ryan Wood And I asked him whether he felt that Tim Cooper had handed over all the Majestic documents to his father when his father visited him and obtained the original tranche.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:29:39.8-00:30:05.4
  29. One new document concerns the Blair House meeting, part of an annex to an MJ-12 report
    “One of them is the document of the meeting at Blair House on the 14th of July, 1949, which is part of an annex to a Majestic 12 report.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:31:01.1-00:31:13.8
  30. Another part of the annex, paragraphs nine onwards, was already disclosed before the new pages
    “Another part of that annex had already been disclosed. That was paragraphs nine, I think onwards. This is paragraphs one to eight, and this page had not been disclosed.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:31:15.4-00:31:26.5
  31. The newly disclosed page discusses Truman wanting to share MJ-12 material with US allies
    “And this is the page which talks about Truman wanting to share some of the Majestic material with his allies.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:31:28.1-00:31:39.4
  32. The documents were not handed over previously, largely down to what Cooper was prepared to give
    “It just wasn't handed over. I think it was very much a question of getting what Tim Cooper was prepared to give them. And some of the material was left behind.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:44:15.6-00:44:26.4
  33. Caplan found one or two forged typescript documents among the material
    “I have found one or two documents which are not original, don't purport to be original documents of the time, but which are typescript documents which were disclosed amongst the Majestic 12 material, which I do believe were forged.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:27:19.5-00:27:37.8
  34. A forged document, 'Truman and Congress', purports to show Truman testifying to Congress in 1963/64
    “And one of them is a document, I think, involving or headed Truman and Congress. And it purports to be an account of Truman being called to give evidence at Congress in 1963 or 1964, where he's asked about MJ-12 and he is embarrassed and gives various answers.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:27:38.9-00:28:07.4
  35. The quantity and detail of the documents, much now confirmable, argues against forgery
    “And it's the quantity of these documents, the detail in the documents, which can now be confirmed in many respects,”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:43:06.0-00:43:13.9
  36. Some documents are routine letters bearing an MJ-12 stamp with no counterintelligence benefit
    “And also there are documents amongst the MJ-12 material which really don't have any particular counterintelligence benefit which are routine exchanges of letters between people with an MJ-12 stamp on and there's no purpose in creating that kind of material and you'd had to have had an army of people really who would have had to have had a vast amount of sources to put this material together the detail is impressive”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:43:15.2-00:43:51.0
  37. Caplan considers the documents confirmed by access to now-available public records
    “And as I say, it's confirmed by access to a range of public documents that are now available.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:43:53.8-00:43:59.7
  38. Photographs marked 'MJ-12' on the back depict scientists, many identified as Paperclip scientists
    “also amongst those photographs were photographs of a number of people with MJ-12 on the back and these were um scientists many of them paperclip scientists who um we know from other sources um have worked for MJ-12”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:45:36.7-00:45:52.8
  39. Von Neumann, Szilard and Teller are among the scientists identified in the photographs
    “And those are people like John von Neumann, zillard edward teller”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:45:54.6-00:46:02.7
  40. Walker told other ufologists that von Neumann was working at Majestic 12
    “from other sources we know um that um for example uh dr eric walker has spoken to other uh ufologists many years ago william steinman to confirm um that van neumann actually was working at MJ-12”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:46:05.1-00:46:20.6
  41. Walker confirmed he himself had worked at Majestic 12
    “and eric walker confirms he had worked at MJ-12”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:46:21.5-00:46:24.6
  42. Others working on MJ-12 projects have confirmed von Neumann's involvement
    “We know also that others have confirmed who were working at that time on these projects that van Neumann was working on MJ-12 projects.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:46:26.4-00:46:38.4
  43. James Lay appears as consulted over Roswell and supporting MJ-12's establishment
    “And James Lay actually appears in an earlier Majestic 12 document as having been one of the people that was consulted over Roswell and who supported the establishment of MJ-12 as a separate intelligence unit.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:39:55.2-00:40:09.2
  44. Wilson and Miller talked privately for two hours about UFOs, MJ-12 and Roswell after the 1997 briefing
    “After group broke up, Miller/Wilson talked (privately) 2 hours on UFOs, MJ-12, Roswell, crashed UFOs/alien bodies, etc.”
    EWD Notes - Eric Davis Meeting with Adm. Wilson char:1412-1527
  45. Wilson told a programme manager he had read their record and asked about MJ-12
    “TW: I told I read their program record in the OUSDAT special program records group and wanted to know about their crashed UFO program, what their role in that was, what they had, etc. Also asked if they heard of MJ-12 or some such organization code relating to crashed/recovered UFO craft.”
    EWD Notes - Eric Davis Meeting with Adm. Wilson char:15027-15306
  46. Wilson called Miller in June 1997 and confirmed a Majestic 12-like organisation exists
    “Confirmed he called Miller ca. late June '97 and told that he/Miller was right - there is such an organization in existence.”
    EWD Notes - Eric Davis Meeting with Adm. Wilson char:1738-1852
  47. Wilson described a Shannon-Miller discussion touching on a Boston Globe story and an MJ-12-like cabal
    “Re: Boston Globe Story - L. Kean. Yep, UFO topic - crashed/retrieved UFO craft/bodies, etc. MJ-12 like UFO organization (or cabal).”
    EWD Notes - Eric Davis Meeting with Adm. Wilson char:1063-1183
  48. Coulthart's understanding: senior public servants are briefed on MJ-12 matters, rarely elected politicians
    “it suggests that there are and this is certainly my understanding that there are senior public servants who are briefed in by the americans but that it's very rare for politicians to be briefed in”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:34:08.7-00:34:21.4
  49. The Lancer document was among those leaked as part of the MJ-12 trove
    “this is one of the documents which was leaked amongst the Majestic 12 Trove”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 00:59:46.0-00:59:55.8
  50. The officer who disclosed the Lancer document said it tied the CIA to Kennedy's assassination
    “in sending the document and disclosing it as part of the Majestic 12 Trove, he said look this is the last piece of evidence that will tie the CIA into Kennedy's assassination”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 01:00:53.6-01:01:05.9
  51. Coulthart describes the Lancer document as an overt intention by MJ-12 members to murder Kennedy
    “It is chilling because it's an overt expression of intention by members of the alleged MJ-12 to murder the President of the United States.”
    Watergate, the JFK assassination and a UFO secret at the center of it all | Reality Check 01:01:55.4-01:02:09.5

Language

30 languages covering 80% of the world's literate population

English English English (US) English (US) Spanish Español Portuguese Português Indonesian Bahasa Indonesia French Français Swahili Kiswahili Vietnamese Tiếng Việt Turkish Türkçe German Deutsch Italian Italiano Uzbek Oʻzbekcha Polish Polski Tagalog Tagalog
Mandarin 中文 Traditional Chinese 繁體中文 Japanese 日本語 Korean 한국어
Arabic العربية Urdu اردو Persian فارسی
Russian Русский Ukrainian Українська
Hindi हिन्दी Bengali বাংলা Thai ไทย Burmese မြန်မာ Telugu తెలుగు Marathi मराठी Tamil தமிழ்