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Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (UAPTF)

The Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force was a United States Department of Defense body established in 2020 to investigate and standardise reporting of unidentified anomalous phenomena, later reorganised into the Airborne Object Identification and Management Synchronization Group and then the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office.

United States Department of Defense (DoD) · 2020-08 · Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) · Superseded · Airborne Object Identification and Management Synchronization Group (AOIMSG), later the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO)

The Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (UAPTF) was a United States Department of Defense (DoD) initiative created in August 2020, when the Pentagon renamed and resurrected the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) as the UAP Task Force.1 It was established to develop standardised reporting requirements for Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) encounters2 and to investigate objects once called unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and now officially termed UAP.3 The task force was led by the United States Department of the Navy under the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (OUSDI).4 According to the DoD’s Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I, Deputy Secretary of Defense David L. Norquist approved the task force’s establishment,5 which the same report describes as intended to improve understanding of the nature and origins of UAP6 and to detect, analyse and catalogue UAP that could pose a threat to United States national security.7 Service members were encouraged to report strange aerial encounters to the task force.8

The New York Times Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) article, 2017-12 was largely responsible for Congress’s creation of the task force,9 and Luis Elizondo’s public exposure of AATIP’s existence was a major factor in both the task force’s creation and the later creation of the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO).10 The interagency task force built by Jay Stratton went on to become the Pentagon’s UAP Task Force,11 and Elizondo then began working as a contractor for the United States Space Force to help build its UAP effort and support Stratton’s task force.12 After a couple of years of Stratton quietly building the effort, the Secretary of Defense announced the Pentagon’s UAP Task Force and named Stratton as its first director.13

From the moment the task force became official, the Legacy Program began quietly pushing back against Stratton and the task force, creating bureaucratic hurdles,14 and the Legacy Program and its associates managed to block funding that United States Congress had appropriated for the task force.15 Elizondo has said that the OUSDI was the same organisation that had previously underplayed and tried to kill AATIP and then the Pentagon’s UAP Task Force.16 According to Harold E. Puthoff, Stratton encountered gatekeepers who controlled access to the legacy program while leading the task force,17 and Puthoff has said Stratton involved around 16 different defence contractors and intelligence units in an effort to move UAP investigation forward beyond the legacy program, though the effort was not successful.18

David Charles Grusch served as the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)’s representative to the task force from 2019 to 2021,19 in a reservist capacity within the United States Air Force.20 He helped author the task force’s 2019 Security Classification Guide,21 and from late 2021 to July 2022 served as the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)’s co-lead for UAP analysis and its representative to the task force,22 reporting to the task force and eventually to AARO.23 Grusch spent four years while with the task force taking steps to corroborate the evidence given to him and to vet the individuals who shared it.24 In 2019, the task force’s director asked Grusch to identify all special access programs and controlled access programs needed to satisfy its congressionally mandated mission, reporting directly to the Deputy Secretary of Defense,25 and Grusch sat on the task force as created by the 2020 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA).26 Karl E. Nell, a recently retired Army colonel, served as the United States Army’s liaison to the task force from 2021 to 2022, working with Grusch there.27 The task force was refused access to a broader programme that had retrieved technical vehicles of non-human origin that had either landed or crashed.28

At the 2022-05-17 US Congress public hearing on UAPs, Mike Gallagher asked Ronald S. Moultrie and Scott W. Bray whether they were aware of any DoD or DoD-contract programs focused on UAP from a technological engineering perspective; both replied they were not aware of anything beyond the Navy UAP Task Force.29 In June 2021, the task force and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) issued the congressionally mandated Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (2021-06).30 According to the DoD Inspector General’s unclassified summary report, Senate Report 116-233, accompanying the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, had directed ODNI, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, to submit an intelligence assessment of the threat posed by UAP and to report on the task force’s progress in understanding that threat.31 In May 2022, Charles McCullough III filed a Disclosure of Urgent Concern(s); Complaint of Reprisal on Grusch’s behalf with the Office of the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community, concerning information Grusch had gathered beginning in 2019 while working for the task force.32 At the House Hearing on Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (2023-07-26), Grusch testified, and according to the hearing record was identified as a former NRO representative to the task force.33

In November 2021, a memorandum directed the OUSDI to establish the Airborne Object Identification and Management Synchronization Group (AOIMSG) as the task force’s successor, synchronising efforts across the DoD and with other federal departments and agencies to detect, identify and characterise objects of interest in special use airspace.34 The task force was subsequently reorganised and expanded into AARO, extending its remit to include investigations of objects operating underwater.35 According to the DoD’s Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with UAP, Volume I, the task force helped standardise, destigmatise and increase the volume of UAP reporting,36 helped calibrate sensors to improve the quality of UAP data collected,37 and its methods and processes directly led to the identification of high-altitude balloons from the People’s Republic of China that traversed the continental United States.38 At one point, the earlier Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) employed 50 full-time investigators, more than Project Blue Book, the task force, or AARO.39

  1. In August 2020 the Pentagon resurrected AATIP, renaming it the UAP Task Force.
    “This past August, the Pentagon resurrected AATIP. It's now called the UAP Task Force.”
    Navy pilots describe encounters with UFOs 2021-05-17, 00:12:09.2-00:12:14.8
  2. The task force was established to develop standardised UAP reporting requirements.
    “In response to Congress' concerns, in August 2020 the DoD established a UAP Task Force (UAPTF) to develop standardized reporting requirements for UAP encounters.”
    Unclassified Summary of Report No. DODIG-2023-109, "Evaluation of the DoD's Actions Regarding Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena," August 15, 2023 char:6264-6414 View the source record →
  3. The task force investigated objects once called UFOs, now officially UAP.
    “The task force was established to investigate what were once called “unidentified flying objects,” or UFOs, and are now officially called “unidentified anomalous phenomena,” or UAP.”
    Intelligence Officials Say U.S. Has Retrieved Craft of Non-Human Origin char:1541-1718 View the source record →
  4. The task force was led by the Department of the Navy under OUSDI.
    “The task force was led by the Department of the Navy under the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security.”
    Intelligence Officials Say U.S. Has Retrieved Craft of Non-Human Origin char:1723-1848 View the source record →
  5. Deputy Secretary of Defense David L. Norquist approved the task force's establishment.
    “Deputy Secretary of Defense David L. Norquist approved the establishment of the UAPTF in August 2020.”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:64123-64219 View the source record →
  6. The task force was intended to improve understanding of the nature and origins of UAP.
    “It was established to improve understanding of, and gain insight into, the nature and origins of UAP.”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:64397-64494 View the source record →
  7. The task force's mission was to detect, analyse and catalogue UAP threats to national security.
    “The task force's mission was to detect, analyze, and catalog UAP that could potentially pose a threat to U.S. national security.”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:64499-64618 View the source record →
  8. Service members were encouraged to report strange aerial encounters to the task force.
    “Service members now are encouraged to report strange encounters.”
    Navy pilots describe encounters with UFOs 2021-05-17, 00:12:15.6-00:12:19.0
  9. New York Times reporting on AATIP was largely responsible for Congress creating the task force.
    “was largely responsible for the creation by Congress of the UAP Task Force, which later morphed into AARO, the current UFO program approved by Congress.”
    Statement to Congress char:9218-9361
  10. Elizondo's public exposure of AATIP was a major factor in the task force's creation and AARO's later creation.
    “His exposure of the existence of AATIP was a major factor in the eventual creation of the UAP Task Force and later, of AARO.”
    Statement to Congress char:13315-13434
  11. The interagency task force Jay Stratton built became the Pentagon's UAP Task Force.
    “Once it was put together, this would go on to became the Pentagon’s UAP Task Force.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch31:5154-5231 View the source record →
  12. Elizondo became a Space Force contractor to help build its UAP effort and support Stratton's task force.
    “Soon after that, I started working as a contractor for USSF on the UAP front and getting their unofficial help behind the scenes on my public efforts while also contributing to Jay’s UAP Task Force.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch31:5830-6022 View the source record →
  13. The Secretary of Defense announced the task force and named Stratton its first director.
    “After a couple of years of Jay quietly building the UAP Task Force behind the scenes, the secretary of defense announced the UAP Task Force and named Jay as its first director.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch31:6057-6224 View the source record →
  14. From the moment it became official, the Legacy Program quietly created bureaucratic hurdles for the task force.
    “From the moment the UAP Task Force became official, the Legacy Program started quietly pushing back on Jay, behind the scenes, creating one bureaucratic hurdle after another for him, the task force, and everyone involved.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch31:6381-6592 View the source record →
  15. The Legacy Program and its associates blocked funding Congress had appropriated for the task force.
    “the powers that be, took their pushback to the next level and somehow managed to block the funding that had been appropriated to the UAP Task Force by Congress”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch31:26232-26383 View the source record →
  16. Elizondo said OUSD(I) was the same organisation that had previously underplayed and tried to kill AATIP and then the task force.
    “My old office, the OUSD(I), was precisely the same organization that had underplayed and tried to kill AATIP and then the UAP Task Force.”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch31:27632-27763 View the source record →
  17. Puthoff said Stratton encountered gatekeepers controlling access to the legacy program.
    “he ran into the, quote, gatekeepers for the legacy program.”
    Episode 73: Science vs. Secrecy 2026-06-30, 00:28:44.8-00:28:48.0
  18. Puthoff said Stratton involved around 16 contractors and intelligence units to move past the legacy program, without success.
    “he got all... kinds of different defense contractors and intelligence units, all 16 or whatever, involved in trying to move the program forward beyond what the legacy program was doing, and they were not successful.”
    Episode 73: Science vs. Secrecy 2026-06-30, 00:36:18.1-00:36:34.1
  19. Grusch served as the NRO's representative to the task force from 2019 to 2021.
    “He served as the reconnaissance office’s representative to the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force from 2019-2021.”
    Intelligence Officials Say U.S. Has Retrieved Craft of Non-Human Origin char:1164-1278 View the source record →
  20. Grusch's task force membership was in an NRO reservist capacity within the US Air Force.
    “In the U.S. Air Force in my National Reconnaissance Office—NRO—reservist capacity, I was a member of the UAP Task Force from 2019 to 2021.”
    Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency char:38214-38347 View the source record →
  21. Grusch helped author the task force's 2019 Security Classification Guide.
    “Yes, I am familiar with the UAP Task Force 2019 Security Classification guide. I think it is fair. I did actually help author that with the Director.”
    Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency char:104962-105102 View the source record →
  22. From late 2021 to July 2022 Grusch was the NGA's co-lead for UAP analysis and its task force representative.
    “From late 2021 to July 2022, he was the NGA’s co-lead for UAP analysis and its representative to the task force.”
    Intelligence Officials Say U.S. Has Retrieved Craft of Non-Human Origin char:1284-1390 View the source record →
  23. Grusch reported to the task force and eventually to AARO as his agency's co-lead.
    “I was my agency's co-lead in unidentified anomalous phenomena and trans medium object analysis as well as reporting to the UAP Task Force—UAPTF—and eventually, once it was established, the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office—AARO.”
    Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency char:36599-36825 View the source record →
  24. Grusch spent four years corroborating evidence and vetting individuals while with the task force.
    “I have taken every step I can to corroborate this evidence over a period of 4 years while I was with the UAP Task Force and do my due diligence on the individuals sharing it.”
    Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency char:37573-37744 View the source record →
  25. In 2019 the task force director asked Grusch to identify special/controlled access programs, reporting to the Deputy Secretary of Defense.
    “In 2019, the UAP Task Force Director asked me to identify all special access programs and controlled access programs, also known as SAPs and CAPs, we needed to satisfy our congressionally mandated mission and we would direct report at the time to the DEP/SecDef.”
    Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency char:38603-38858 View the source record →
  26. Grusch sat on the task force created by the 2020 NDAA.
    “Mr. Grusch, you sat on the unidentified anomalous phenomenon task force created in the 2020 NDAA, correct? Mr. GRUSCH. Yes.”
    Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency char:96376-96496 View the source record →
  27. Karl E. Nell was the Army's liaison to the task force from 2021 to 2022, working with Grusch.
    “Karl E. Nell, a recently retired Army Colonel and current aerospace executive who was the Army’s liaison for the UAP Task Force from 2021 to 2022 and worked with Grusch there”
    Intelligence Officials Say U.S. Has Retrieved Craft of Non-Human Origin char:3860-4029 View the source record →
  28. The task force was refused access to a broader programme that had retrieved non-human-origin vehicles that had landed or crashed.
    “The UAP Task Force was refused access to a broad crash retrieval program, retrieving nonhuman origin technical vehicles, you know, call it spacecraft, if you will, nonhuman exotic origin vehicles that have either landed or crashed”
    Imminent: Inside the Pentagon's Hunt for UFOs ch32:1290-1513 View the source record →
  29. At the May 2022 hearing, Gallagher asked Moultrie and Bray about DOD UAP technology programs; both said they knew of nothing beyond the Navy UAP Task Force.
    “Gallagher: Are you aware of any other DOD or DOD contract programs focused on UAPs from a technological engineering perspective …? Mr. Moultrie: I am not aware of any contractual programs that are focused on any anything related to this, other than what we are doing in the Navy task force and what we are about to launch in terms of our effort. Mr. Gallagher: Same question for you, Mr. Bray. Mr. Bray: Same answer. Not aware of anything outside what we are doing in the UAP Task Force.”
    In Plain Sight ch30:23527-24000 View the source record →
  30. In June 2021 the task force and ODNI issued the congressionally mandated Preliminary Assessment on UAP.
    “In June 2021, the UAPTF and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence issued the congressionally mandated Preliminary Assessment on UAP, which stated that UAP reporting data are largely inconclusive, as well as a consolidation of reports across the U.S. Government is inconsistent.”
    Unclassified Summary of Report No. DODIG-2023-109, "Evaluation of the DoD's Actions Regarding Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena," August 15, 2023 char:6426-6704 View the source record →
  31. Senate Report 116-233 directed ODNI to assess the UAP threat and report on the task force's progress.
    “Senate Report 116-233, accompanying the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, directed the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) in consultation with the Secretary of Defense to submit an intelligence assessment of the threat posed by UAP and to report on the progress the UAPTF had made in understanding this threat.”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:65262-65604 View the source record →
  32. In May 2022 Charles McCullough III filed a whistleblower disclosure on Grusch's behalf concerning information gathered since 2019 at the task force.
    “In May 2022, McCullough filed a Disclosure of Urgent Concern(s); Complaint of Reprisal on behalf of Grusch with the ICIG about detailed information that Grusch had gathered beginning in 2019 while working for the UAP Task Force.”
    Intelligence Officials Say U.S. Has Retrieved Craft of Non-Human Origin char:11134-11356 View the source record →
  33. Grusch testified at the July 2023 House hearing, identified as a former NRO representative to the task force.
    “Mr. David Grusch, Former National Reconnaissance Office Representative, Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force, Department of Defense, Oral Statement”
    Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency char:3355-3496 View the source record →
  34. A November 2021 memorandum directed OUSDI to establish AOIMSG as the task force's successor.
    “In a November 2021 memorandum, the Deputy Secretary of Defense directed the OUSD(I&S) to establish the Airborne Object Identification and Management Synchronization Group (AOIMSG) as the successor to the UAPTF to synchronize efforts across the DoD and with other Federal departments and agencies to detect, identify, and characterize objects of interest in special use airspace.”
    Unclassified Summary of Report No. DODIG-2023-109, "Evaluation of the DoD's Actions Regarding Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena," August 15, 2023 char:6946-7315 View the source record →
  35. The task force was reorganised and expanded into AARO, extending its remit to underwater objects.
    “It has since been reorganized and expanded into the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office to include investigations of objects operating underwater.”
    Intelligence Officials Say U.S. Has Retrieved Craft of Non-Human Origin char:1858-1994 View the source record →
  36. The task force helped standardise, destigmatise and increase the volume of UAP reporting.
    “The UAPTF helped standardize, destigmatize, and increase the volume of UAP reporting.”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:64788-64863 View the source record →
  37. The task force helped calibrate sensors to improve the quality of UAP data collected.
    “Its work also helped calibrate sensors to improve the quality of data collected.”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:64874-64944 View the source record →
  38. The task force's methods directly led to identifying Chinese high-altitude balloons over the continental US.
    “Its methods and processes directly led to the identification of the People's Republic of China's (PRC) high altitude balloons that traversed over the continental United States.”
    Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), Volume I char:64955-65124 View the source record →
  39. AAWSAP once employed 50 full-time investigators, more than Blue Book, the task force, or AARO.
    “At one point, it employed 50 full time investigators, far more than Project Blue Book or the UAP Task Force, or AARO.”
    Statement to Congress char:10408-10520

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