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What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart

A 2026 video in which Ross Coulthart and Maaneli Max Derakhshani discuss alleged lunar anomalies, Apollo imagery, and disputed interpretations of space-shuttle UAP footage.

Video · NewsNation · Reality Check with Ross Coulthart · 2026-08-10 · 1 h 2 min

Reality Check with Ross Coulthart · 2026-08-10

The video presents Ross Coulthart and Maaneli “Max” Derakhshani discussing the scope of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) UAP study. Coulthart said that the team’s terms of reference were limited to aerial or terrestrial Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP), and that NASA imagery from the Moon and space-shuttle missions appeared to fall outside its remit.12 Derakhshani said that the war.gov/UFOs release contained NASA files, while other similar anomalies were omitted.34 The principal lunar example is an Apollo 17 frame showing three blue lights in a triangular arrangement, which Derakhshani said had been scanned from the US National Archives.5 He identified the March to the Moon Archive as a NASA archive managed by Arizona State University and Johnson Space Center, and said it provides a 1.3 gigabyte TIF version of the image.67

Derakhshani further said that scans held in NASA, military and government archives preserve the lights in the same configuration, while NASA and the United States Department of War had obtained the original film for additional analysis.89 The discussion then compares this material with the STS-48 UAP incident and STS-80 UAP incident. Derakhshani described the shuttle footage as showing objects some viewers interpret as bogeys, and highlighted an STS-48 flash followed by an apparent movement through the airglow and a reported half-second stop.1011 According to the source record, NASA’s official explanation identified the objects as sunlight-illuminated orbiter debris and attributed the flash and abrupt movements to attitude-thruster activity.1213 By contrast, Tom Jones explained STS-80 as ice and debris leaving the shuttle’s shadow, while Derakhshani rejected that interpretation; Mark Carlotto’s 2005 analysis paper calculated F1’s speed at approximately 800 kilometres per second.141516

The source matters because it places official explanations alongside unresolved archival questions and competing analyses. Coulthart said astronauts had seen objects associated with lunar anomalies in the 1960s and 1970s, while Derakhshani said NASA archives contain anomalous images that remain unexplained.1718 Coulthart consequently advocated congressional questioning and sworn testimony from astronauts about their observations and any instructions concerning disclosure.1920

References (22)
  1. The NASA UAP study team's terms of reference were limited to aerial or terrestrial UAP.
    “he acknowledged to me that the terms of reference for NASA's study team limited them very much to aerial or terrestrial UAPs.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:01:37.3-00:01:47.8
  2. Coulthart said NASA lunar and shuttle imagery appeared to be outside the study team's remit.
    “The whole idea, the whole area of NASA's imagery from from the moon and from shuttle missions, seems to have been quite deftly excluded from the study team's purview.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:01:49.3-00:02:01.0
  3. Derakhshani said the war.gov/UFOs release included NASA files.
    “pleased to see that they surprised us by including a number of files from NASA.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:02:47.2-00:02:51.7
  4. Derakhshani said other similar anomalies were omitted from the release.
    “I noticed that a number of them, a number of anomalies along the same lines of what they published were left out.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:02:54.2-00:03:01.8
  5. The release included an Apollo 17 image showing three blue lights in a triangular arrangement.
    “one of the Apollo images they showed from Apollo 17 of this triangular arrangement of blue lights, They showed the scanned version from, I believe, the US National Archives.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:03:30.4-00:03:47.1
  6. The March to the Moon Archive was described as holding higher-resolution Apollo film scans.
    “NASA has an archive of more recent scans of the Apollo films. It's managed by Arizona State University and the Johnson Space Center. It's called the March to the Moon Archive.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:03:49.1-00:04:02.1
  7. The archive offers a 1.3 gigabyte TIF file of the Apollo 17 blue-lights image.
    “there you can download a 1.3 gigabyte TIF file of that particular image, and you can get a much higher resolution version of the trio of blue lights in the black lunar sky. And you can see more visibly the detailed structure in the lights.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:04:03.2-00:04:22.8
  8. Multiple archival scans were said to show the lights in the same configuration and location.
    “there are multiple scans of that particular frame in different NASA and US military and US government archives. which show this trio of blue lights in exactly the same configuration in exactly the same place, which rules out scanning artifacts.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:05:49.6-00:06:05.1
  9. NASA and the Department of War were said to have acquired the original Apollo 17 film for further analysis.
    “they said that they acquired the original film and they're going to do further analyses, both NASA and, I guess, the Department of War, and then they'll let us know what they find.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:06:23.9-00:06:32.0
  10. The STS-48 and STS-80 videos were described as showing objects interpreted by some viewers as bogeys.
    “there are a couple of very interesting videos from the two space shuttle missions, STS-48 in 1991 and STS-80 in 1996, which show a lot of what we might call bogeys and some of which seem to exhibit propulsive capabilities that are vastly beyond what is capable of any known form of human propulsion technology.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:18:10.2-00:18:35.5
  11. The STS-48 object's movement included a flash followed by an apparent departure through the airglow.
    “So it popped out from there... It's moving along what appears to be the horizon of the Earth. at virtually a constant speed, it would seem. And now at the bottom left, as you said, there is a flash of light. And then it just suddenly shoots off, passes through the air glow, and goes into space.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:21:52.6-00:22:22.1
  12. Jack Kasher's analysis was said to identify a half-second stop before the object's apparent acceleration.
    “The main UAP, as we can see, that's moving along at a constant speed, it actually stops for half a second, as determined by Dr. Jack Kasher, before it darts off.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:24:44.1-00:24:55.6
  13. NASA's official statement attributed the objects to orbiter-generated debris illuminated by sunlight.
    “The objects seen are orbiter-generated debris illuminated by the sun.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:32:33.3-00:32:37.6
  14. NASA's statement attributed the flash and abrupt particle movements to attitude-thruster activity.
    “The flicker of light is the result of firing of the attituded thrusters on the orbiter, and the abrupt motions of the particles result from the impact of gas jets from the thruster.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:32:38.1-00:32:49.1
  15. Tom Jones explained STS-80 as small ice and debris particles illuminated after leaving the orbiter's shadow.
    “Once you understand what the solar illumination conditions are, it's easy to conclude that the video shows normal ice small ice and debris particles drifting aimlessly away from the orbiter, with some pieces becoming sunlit as they move out of the shuttle's shadow.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:55:10.4-00:55:24.6
  16. Derakhshani said Jones's explanation did not fit the STS-80 footage.
    “on further analysis, I think, for example, Carlotto's analysis shows clearly that it doesn't fit that explanation at all.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:55:34.2-00:55:41.0
  17. Carlotto's 2005 paper analysed the propulsive capabilities of the STS-80 F1 object.
    “Dr. Carlotto has analyzed this footage in this paper from 2005, I believe it was published. And he actually calculates that this object is moving at, he calls it F1, and he has a time lapse sequence photographs for this object of interest.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:48:42.3-00:49:10.2
  18. The paper's calculated speed for F1 was approximately 800 kilometres per second.
    “500 miles a second”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:49:51.8-00:49:52.6
  19. Coulthart considered it confirmed that astronauts saw objects associated with lunar anomalies during the 1960s and 1970s.
    “we can now confirm for sure were seen by astronauts on the surface of the moon in the 1960s and the 1970s”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:14:59.2-00:15:06.3
  20. Derakhshani said NASA's archives contain unexplained and undiscussed anomalous images.
    “there are a number of images of anomalies in NASA's archives, which are simply left there, unexplained, unaddressed, undiscussed.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:08:21.1-00:08:28.9
  21. Coulthart called for congressional questioning of astronauts about what they witnessed and were told to keep quiet about.
    “I'd love to see Congress asking these individual astronauts the hard questions.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:59:02.8-00:59:06.6
  22. Coulthart wanted astronauts to testify under oath before a congressional oversight committee.
    “It would be a dream of mine to see some of these astronauts that have stuck their necks out and been involved in some of these incidents actually being asked on the record under oath and seeing whether they're prepared to reveal anything to a congressional oversight committee in the proper context.”
    What Did Apollo Astronauts Really See on the Moon? | Reality Check with Ross Coulthart 00:59:07.2-00:59:23.3

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